# Bulk create links
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-create-links

post /links/bulk
Bulk create up to 100 links for the authenticated workspace.

<Warning>
  Bulk link creation does not support [custom link
  previews](https://dub.co/help/article/custom-link-previews). Also, [webhook
  events](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) will not be triggered when using this
  endpoint.
</Warning>


# Bulk delete links
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-delete-links

delete /links/bulk
Bulk delete up to 100 links for the authenticated workspace.

<Warning>
  This is a destructive action and cannot be undone. Proceed with caution. Also,
  [webhook events](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) will not be triggered when
  using this endpoint.
</Warning>


# Bulk update links
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-update-links

patch /links/bulk
Bulk update up to 100 links with the same data for the authenticated workspace.

This endpoint lets you update up to 100 links **with the same data**.

Some potential use cases:

* Tagging multiple links at once
* Setting the same expiration date for multiple links
* Updating UTM parameters for multiple links

<Warning>
  You cannot update the domain or key of a link with this endpoint. Also,
  [webhook events](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) will not be triggered when
  using this endpoint.
</Warning>


# Check the availability of one or more domains
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/check-a-domain-availability

get /domains/status
Check if a domain name is available for purchase. You can check multiple domains at once.

<Note>
  Checking a domain availability requires an [Enterprise
  plan](https://dub.co/enterprise)
</Note>


# Create a domain
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-domain

post /domains
Create a domain for the authenticated workspace.



# Create a folder
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-folder

post /folders
Create a folder for the authenticated workspace.



# Create a link
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-link

post /links
Create a link for the authenticated workspace.



# Create a partner
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-partner

post /partners
Create a partner for a program. If partner exists, automatically enrolls them.

<Note>
  Partners endpoints require an [Advanced plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Create a link for a partner
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-partner-link

post /partners/links
Create a link for a partner that is enrolled in your program.

<Note>
  Partners endpoints require an [Advanced plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Create a tag
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-tag

post /tags
Create a tag for the authenticated workspace.



# Delete a customer
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/delete-a-customer

delete /customers/{id}
Delete a customer from a workspace.



# Delete a domain
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/delete-a-domain

delete /domains/{slug}
Delete a domain from a workspace. It cannot be undone. This will also delete all the links associated with the domain.



# Delete a folder
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/delete-a-folder

delete /folders/{id}
Delete a folder from the workspace. All existing links will still work, but they will no longer be associated with this folder.



# Delete a link
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/delete-a-link

delete /links/{linkId}
Delete a link for the authenticated workspace.



# Register a domain
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/register-a-domain

post /domains/register
Register a domain for the authenticated workspace. Only available for Enterprise Plans.

<Note>
  Domain registration is only available for certain [Enterprise
  customers](https://dub.co/enterprise). Please [contact
  us](https://dub.co/contact/sales) to get access.
</Note>


# Retrieve a customer
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-customer

get /customers/{id}
Retrieve a customer by ID for the authenticated workspace.



# Retrieve a link
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-link

get /links/info
Retrieve the info for a link.

You can retrieve a link by providing one of the following as a query parameter:

* `domain` and `key`.
* `linkId`.
* `externalId`.


# List all commissions
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-commissions

get /commissions
Retrieve a list of commissions for a program.

<Note>
  Commissions endpoints require an [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# List all customers
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-customers

get /customers
Retrieve a list of customers for the authenticated workspace.



# Retrieve a list of events
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-events

get /events
Retrieve a paginated list of events for the authenticated workspace.

<Note>
  Events endpoints require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Retrieve a list of folders
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-folders

get /folders
Retrieve a list of folders for the authenticated workspace.



# Retrieve a list of links
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-links

get /links
Retrieve a paginated list of links for the authenticated workspace.



# Retrieve a list of tags
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-tags

get /tags
Retrieve a list of tags for the authenticated workspace.



# Retrieve a partner's links.
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-partners-links

get /partners/links
Retrieve a partner's links by their partner ID or tenant ID.

<Note>
  Partners endpoints require an [Advanced plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Retrieve analytics
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-analytics

get /analytics
Retrieve analytics for a link, a domain, or the authenticated workspace. The response type depends on the `event` and `type` query parameters.

<Note>
  Analytics endpoints require a [Pro plan](https://dub.co/pricing) subscription
  or higher.
</Note>


# Retrieve links count
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-number-of-links

get /links/count
Retrieve the number of links for the authenticated workspace. The provided query parameters allow filtering the returned links.



# Retrieve analytics for a partner
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-partner-analytics

get /partners/analytics
Retrieve analytics for a partner within a program. The response type vary based on the `groupBy` query parameter.

<Note>
  Partners endpoints require an [Advanced plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Track a lead
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-lead

post /track/lead
Track a lead for a short link.

<Note>
  Conversions endpoints require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Track a sale
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale

post /track/sale
Track a sale for a short link.

<Note>
  Conversions endpoints require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Update a commission.
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-commission

patch /commissions/{id}
Update an existing commission amount. This is useful for handling refunds (partial or full) or fraudulent sales.

<Note>
  Commissions endpoints require an [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Update a customer
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-customer

patch /customers/{id}
Update a customer for the authenticated workspace.



# Update a domain
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-domain

patch /domains/{slug}
Update a domain for the authenticated workspace.



# Update a folder
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-folder

patch /folders/{id}
Update a folder in the workspace.



# Update a link
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-link

patch /links/{linkId}
Update a link for the authenticated workspace. If there's no change, returns it as it is.



# Update a tag
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-tag

patch /tags/{id}
Update a tag in the workspace.



# Upsert a link
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/upsert-a-link

put /links/upsert
Upsert a link for the authenticated workspace by its URL. If a link with the same URL already exists, return it (or update it if there are any changes). Otherwise, a new link will be created.



# Upsert a link for a partner
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/upsert-a-partner-link

put /partners/links/upsert
Upsert a link for a partner that is enrolled in your program. If a link with the same URL already exists, return it (or update it if there are any changes). Otherwise, a new link will be created.

<Note>
  Partners endpoints require an [Advanced plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/introduction

Fundamental concepts of Dub's API.

## Base URL

Dub's API is built on REST principles and is served over HTTPS. To ensure data privacy, unencrypted HTTP is not supported.

The Base URL for all API endpoints is:

```bash Terminal
https://api.dub.co
```

## Authentication

Authentication to Dub's API is performed via the Authorization header with a Bearer token. To authenticate, you need to include the Authorization header with the word `Bearer` followed by your API key in your requests like so:

```bash Terminal
Authorization: Bearer dub_xxxxxx
```

Here are examples of how to authenticate with Dub's API in different programming languages:

<CodeGroup>
  ```bash cURL
  curl --request GET \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer dub_xxxxxx'
  ```

  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  const dub = new Dub({
    token: "dub_xxxxxx",
  });

  // Make API calls
  const links = await dub.links.list();
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  client = Dub(api_key="dub_xxxxxx")

  # Make API calls
  links = client.links.list()
  ```

  ```go Go
  import (
    "context"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
  )

  client := dub.NewClient("dub_xxxxxx")

  // Make API calls
  ctx := context.Background()
  links, err := client.Links.List(ctx)
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  client = Dub::Client.new(api_key: "dub_xxxxxx")

  # Make API calls
  links = client.links.list
  ```

  ```php PHP
  use Dub\Client;

  $client = new Client([
      'api_key' => 'dub_xxxxxx'
  ]);

  // Make API calls
  $links = $client->links->list();
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Learn more about [how to get your API key](/api-reference/tokens).

## Native SDKs

Dub offers native SDKs in some of the most popular programming languages:

* [TypeScript SDK](/sdks/typescript)
* [Python SDK](/sdks/python)
* [Ruby SDK](/sdks/ruby)
* [PHP SDK](/sdks/php)
* [Go SDK](/sdks/go)

You can find the full list of SDKs [here](/sdks/overview).

## Error Handling

Dub API returns machine readable error codes, human readable error messages and a link to the docs for more information.

Here is how an error response looks like:

```json
{
  "error": {
    "code": "not_found",
    "message": "The requested resource was not found.",
    "doc_url": "https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/errors#not-found"
  }
}
```

Here is a list of all error codes Dub API returns:

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="bad_request ">
    * **Status:** 400
    * **Problem:** The request is malformed, either missing required fields, using wrong datatypes, or being syntactically incorrect.
    * **Solution:** Check the request and make sure it is properly formatted.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="unauthorized">
    * **Status:** 401
    * **Problem:** The request has not been applied because it lacks valid authentication credentials for the target resource.
    * **Solution:** Make sure you are using the correct API key or access token.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="forbidden">
    * **Status:** 403
    * **Problem:** The server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it because the client lacks proper permission.
    * **Solution:** Make sure you have the necessary permissions to access the resource.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="not_found">
    * **Status:** 404
    * **Problem:** The server has not found anything matching the request URI.
    * **Solution:** Check the request and make sure the resource exists.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="conflict">
    * **Status:** 409
    * **Problem:** Another resource already uses the same identifier. For example, workspace slug must be unique.
    * **Solution:** Change the identifier to a unique value.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="invite_expired">
    * **Status:** 410
    * **Problem:** The invite has expired.
    * **Solution:** Generate a new invite.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="unprocessable_entity">
    * **Status:** 422
    * **Problem:** The server was unable to process the request because it contains invalid data.
    * **Solution:** Check the request and make sure input data is valid.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="rate_limit_exceeded">
    * **Status:** 429
    * **Problem:** The request has been rate limited.
    * **Solution:** Wait for a while and try again.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="internal_server_error">
    * **Status:** 500
    * **Problem:** The server encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it from fulfilling the request.
    * **Solution:** Try again later. If the problem persists, contact support.
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

## Pagination

Dub's API supports pagination. This is useful when you have a large number of resources and you want to retrieve them in smaller chunks.

These list API methods share a common set of parameters that allow you to control the number of items returned and the page number. For example, you can:

* [retrieve a list of links](/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-links)
* [retrieve a list of domains](/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-domains)
* [retrieve a list of events](/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-a-list-of-events)

### Parameters

<ParamField body="page" type="string" default="1">
  The page number to retrieve. By default, the first page is returned.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="pageSize" type="string">
  The number of items to retrieve per page. The default value varies by
  endpoint. Maximum value is 100.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="sortBy" type="string">
  The field to sort the results by.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="sortOrder" type="string">
  The order to sort the results by. Can be `asc` or `desc`.
</ParamField>

### Example

The following example demonstrates how to retrieve the first page of 10 links:

<CodeGroup>
  ```bash cURL
  curl --request GET \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links?page=1&pageSize=10 \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>'
  ```

  ```javascript Node.js
  const res = await dub.links.list({
    page: 1,
    pageSize: 10,
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  res = s.links.list(request={
    "page": 1,
    "page_size": 10,
  })
  ```

  ```go Go
  request := operations.GetLinksRequest{
    Page: dubgo.Float64(1),
    PageSize: dubgo.Float64(10),
  }

  ctx := context.Background()
  res, err := s.Links.List(ctx, request)
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::GetLinksRequest.new(
    page: 1,
    page_size: 10,
  )

  res = s.links.list(req)
  ```
</CodeGroup>


# Rate limits
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/rate-limits

Learn about Dub's API rate limits.

Dub's API rate limiting is in conformance with the [IETF standard](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-httpapi-ratelimit-headers):

| Header Name             | Description                                                                     |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `X-RateLimit-Limit`     | The maximum number of requests that the consumer is permitted to make per hour. |
| `X-RateLimit-Remaining` | The number of requests remaining in the current rate limit window.              |
| `X-RateLimit-Reset`     | The time at which the current rate limit window resets in UTC epoch seconds.    |
| `Retry-After`           | The number of seconds to wait before retrying the request again.                |

Dub's API is capped at **60 requests per minute** per key on the Free plan, with elevated limits for [Pro plan](https://dub.co/help/article/pro-plan) and above.

This is implemented to ensure a fair usage policy so that excessive use by a single user does not adversely affect the performance and usage of the API by others.

You'll receive a `429 Too Many Requests` response code if the rate limit is exceeded.

## Rate limits by plan

Depending on your Dub plan, you can expect the following rate limits:

| Plan                                    | Rate limit                                                              |
| --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Free                                    | 60 requests per minute                                                  |
| [Pro](https://dub.co/pricing)           | 600 requests per minute                                                 |
| [Business](https://dub.co/pricing)      | 1,200 requests per minute                                               |
| [Advanced](https://dub.co/pricing)      | 3,000 requests per minute                                               |
| [Enterprise](https://dub.co/enterprise) | Custom – [reach out to sales](https://dub.co/contact/sales) for details |

## How to comply with rate limits

Here are some tips on how you can optimize your API setup to comply with our rate limits:

### 1. Bulk link creation

If you need to create a lot of links within a short period of time, try our [bulk link creation endpoint](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-create-links) instead (create up to 100 links in one API call)

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  await dub.links.createMany([
    {
      url: "https://google.com",
    },
    {
      url: "https://twitter.com",
    },
    {
      url: "https://linkedin.com",
    },
  ]);
  ```

  ```python Python
  res = d.links.create_many(request=[
    {
      url: "https://google.com",
    },
    {
      url: "https://twitter.com",
    },
    {
      url: "https://linkedin.com",
    },
  ]);
  ```

  ```go Go
  var request []operations.RequestBody =
    []operations.RequestBody{
      operations.RequestBody{
          URL: "https://google.com",
      },
      operations.RequestBody{
        URL: "https://twitter.com",
      },
      operations.RequestBody{
        URL: "https://linkedin.com",
      },
    }
  ctx := context.Background()
  res, err := s.Links.CreateMany(ctx, request)
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  s.links.create_many(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::BulkCreateLinksRequest.new(
      request_body: [
        ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RequestBody.new(
          url: "https://google.com",
        ),
        ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RequestBody.new(
          url: "https://twitter.com",
        ),
        ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RequestBody.new(
          url: "https://linkedin.com",
        ),
      ]
    )
  )
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### 2. Fetch workspace-level analytics

If you're using our [Analytics API](/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-analytics), instead of retrieving the clicks count for every single link, try making a single API call to get workspace-level click analytics instead.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    groupBy: "top_links",
    start: "4 hours ago", // we support natural language for start/end params
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  res = d.analytics.retrieve(request={
      "groupBy": "top_links",
      "start": "4 hours ago", // we support natural language for start/end params
  })
  ```

  ```go Go
  func main() {
  	// Retrieve the timeseries analytics for the last 7 days for a link
  	request := operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          GroupBy: "top_links",
          Start: "4 hours ago", // we support natural language for start/end params
  	}

  	ctx := context.Background()
  	res, err := d.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, request)
  	if err != nil {
  		log.Fatal(err)
  	}
  	if res.OneOf != nil {
  		// handle response
  	}
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    group_by: ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::GroupBy::TOP_LINKS,
    start: "4 hours ago", // we support natural language for start/end params
  )

  res = dub.analytics.retrieve(req)

  puts res.raw_response.body
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### 3. Leverage webhooks

If you're expecting high volume, fast-changing data (e.g. thousands of clicks on your links per day) and would prefer to store the data on your end, we recommend using our [real-time webhooks feature](https://dub.co/blog/introducing-webhooks) instead.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://assets.dub.co/blog/webhook-event-logs.jpg" alt="Webhook event logs" />
</Frame>

[Webhooks](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) are *push-based*, meaning that Dub will send events to your webhook receiver endpoint when specific events occur, while a REST API is *pull-based*, meaning that you need to consistently poll the API endpoint to get real-time updates.

Check out our [webhooks documentation](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) to learn more.


# API keys
Source: https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/tokens

Learn how API keys work on Dub.

API keys on Dub allow you to access your workspace programmatically. This is useful for integrating Dub into your application or with other tools and services.

Each API key is tied to a specific workspace – meaning you can use it to access that workspace's resources without having to worry about "leaking" access to other workspaces.

API keys on Dub follow the format:

```bash .env
DUB_API_KEY=dub_xxxxxxxx
```

By default, you can use this key to perform any API request without restriction, so it must be stored securely in your app's server-side code (such as in an environment variable or credential management system). Don’t expose this key on a website.

## Create an API key

You can create an API key by following these steps:

<Steps>
  <Step title="Go to your workspace">
    Go to **Settings** > [**API Keys**](https://app.dub.co/settings/tokens) in your workspace.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/workspace-api-keys.png" alt="Workspace API keys on Dub" width="1468" height="249" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Create an API Key">
    Click on the "Create" button and select permissions you want to grant to
    the API key.

    Select between "You" and "Machine" to associate the API key with your account or a [machine user](#machine-users).

    * **You**: This API key is tied to your user and can make requests against the selected workspace.
    * **Machine**: A machine user will be added to your workspace, and an API key associated with that machine user will be created.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/add-new-api-key.png" alt="Add new API key on Dub" width="1468" height="249" />
    </Frame>

    Click on the **Create API Key** button to create the key. Make sure to copy your API key and store it in a safe place. You won't be able to see it again.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/api-key-created.png" alt="API Key created on Dub" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Use your API Key">
    Now that you have your API key, you can use it to access your workspace's resources programmatically via SDKs or within any API request as a bearer token.

    ```
    Authorization: Bearer dub_xxxx
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

<Tip>
  We recommend creating API keys with the least privilege necessary to perform
  the required tasks. This helps to reduce the risk of unauthorized access to
  your workspace.
</Tip>

## API key permissions

When creating a secret key, you can select the permissions it has, which will give the key access to certain (or all) resources on Dub. Here are the different permission options:

| Permission          | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| :------------------ | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **All permissions** | This API key will have full access to all resources.                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| **Read only**       | This API key will have read-only access to all resources.                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| **Restricted**      | This API key will have restricted access to some resources: <ul><li>[Links](/data-model#links)</li><li>[Analytics](/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-analytics)</li><li>[Domains](/data-model#domains)</li><li>[Tags](/data-model#tags)</li></ul> |

Depending on your use case, you might want to use one of these 3 options to limit the scope of the API key and improve security. When making API calls, if your API key has insufficient permissions, the error should tell you which permissions you need.

<Tip>
  You can only set permissions on Secret keys. Publishable keys only have access
  to certain endpoints, and cannot be restricted.
</Tip>

## Machine users

On Dub, you can create API keys that are associated with a "Machine user". This is particularly helpful when you don't want to associate the API key with a particular user in your workspace, to avoid security risks in involving turnover or changes in project ownership.

<Warning>
  Machine users share the same permissions as the [owner
  role](https://dub.co/help/article/workspace-roles#owner-role) in a workspace.
  Make sure to only create machine users for trusted applications.
</Warning>

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/api-machine-users.png" alt="Creating an API key associated with a machine user on Dub" width="1528" height="974" />
</Frame>

These machine users will show up on your workspace's **People** tab, but will not contribute to your workspace's user count.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/machine-user.png" alt="Machine user on Dub" width="1468" height="249" />
</Frame>

<Tip>
  If you delete an API key associated with a machine user, the machine user will
  be deleted. Vice versa, if you delete a machine user, their corresponding API
  key will be deleted as well.
</Tip>


# Device data
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/analytics/device



<Note>
  Analytics endpoints require a [Pro plan](https://dub.co/pricing) subscription
  or higher.
</Note>

Device data allows you to analyze how users interact with your links across different devices, browsers, and operating systems.

## Device analytics

The top devices by event count, including device names.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "devices",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "devices",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'devices',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("devices"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "devices",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Browser analytics

The top browsers by event count, including browser names.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "browsers",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "browsers",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'browsers',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("browsers"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "browsers",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Operating system analytics

The top operating systems by event count, including OS names.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "os",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "os",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'os',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("os"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "os",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/analytics/introduction

Learn how to use Dub's Analytics API to build real-time analytics dashboards for your links.

<Note>
  Analytics endpoints require a [Pro plan](https://dub.co/pricing) subscription
  or higher.
</Note>

Dub's [Analytics API](/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-analytics) allows you to build real-time analytics dashboards for your links that lives directly inside your application.

## Fundamentals

At a high level, Dub's Analytics API allows you to retrieve data about your links by event type and group by different dimensions.

Dub's Analytics API supports the following `event` types:

* `clicks` – the number of clicks on a link
* `leads` – the number of leads generated from a link
* `sales` – the number of sales generated from a link

Each of these events can be aggregated in different ways by using the `groupBy` parameter:

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="count">
    The total number of events over the specified time period.

    Example response:

    ```json
    {
      "clicks": 100,
      "leads": 5,
      "sales": 2,
      "saleAmount": 5000
    }
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="timeseries">
    The number of events over a given time interval, broken down by time periods.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "start": "2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
        "clicks": 10,
        "leads": 1,
        "sales": 0,
        "saleAmount": 0
      },
      {
        "start": "2024-01-02T00:00:00.000Z",
        "clicks": 15,
        "leads": 2,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="top_links">
    The top links by event count, including link metadata.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "id": "clux0rgak00011...",
        "domain": "dub.co",
        "key": "github",
        "shortLink": "https://dub.co/github",
        "url": "https://github.com",
        "title": "GitHub",
        "createdAt": "2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
        "clicks": 50,
        "leads": 3,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="countries">
    The top countries by event count, using ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "country": "US",
        "region": "*",
        "city": "*",
        "clicks": 30,
        "leads": 2,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="cities">
    The top cities by event count, including city names and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "country": "US",
        "region": "CA",
        "city": "San Francisco",
        "clicks": 20,
        "leads": 1,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="regions">
    The top regions by event count, including region codes and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "country": "US",
        "region": "CA",
        "city": "*",
        "clicks": 25,
        "leads": 2,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="continents">
    The top continents by event count, using 2-letter ISO continent codes.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "continent": "NA",
        "clicks": 40,
        "leads": 3,
        "sales": 2,
        "saleAmount": 5000
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="devices">
    The top devices by event count, including device names.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "device": "iPhone",
        "clicks": 35,
        "leads": 2,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="browsers">
    The top browsers by event count, including browser names.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "browser": "Chrome",
        "clicks": 45,
        "leads": 3,
        "sales": 2,
        "saleAmount": 5000
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="os">
    The top operating systems by event count, including OS names.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "os": "iOS",
        "clicks": 30,
        "leads": 2,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="referrers">
    The top referrers by event count, including referrer names.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "referer": "Google",
        "clicks": 25,
        "leads": 2,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="referer_urls">
    The top referrer URLs by event count, including full URLs.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "refererUrl": "https://www.google.com",
        "clicks": 20,
        "leads": 1,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="utm_sources">
    The top UTM sources by event count.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "utm_source": "newsletter",
        "clicks": 25,
        "leads": 2,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="utm_mediums">
    The top UTM mediums by event count.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "utm_medium": "email",
        "clicks": 20,
        "leads": 1,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="utm_campaigns">
    The top UTM campaigns by event count.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "utm_campaign": "summer_sale",
        "clicks": 30,
        "leads": 2,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="utm_terms">
    The top UTM terms by event count.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "utm_term": "discount",
        "clicks": 15,
        "leads": 1,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="utm_contents">
    The top UTM contents by event count.

    Example response:

    ```json
    [
      {
        "utm_content": "banner",
        "clicks": 20,
        "leads": 1,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 2500
      }
    ]
    ```
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

## Example queries

Here are some examples of how to retrieve data using Dub's [Analytics API](/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-analytics):

* [Total event count](#total-event-count)
* [Timeseries data](#timeseries-data)
* [Top links by event](#top-links-by-event)

### Total event count

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "count",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "count",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'count',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("count"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "count",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Timeseries data

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "timeseries",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "timeseries",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'timeseries',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("timeseries"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "timeseries",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Top links by event

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "top_links",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "top_links",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'top_links',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("top_links"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "top_links",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Example apps

With Dub's [Analytics API](/api-reference/endpoint/retrieve-analytics), you can build user-facing analytics dashboards with the real-time click and conversion data for your links.

Here are some open-source examples of how you can use the Analytics API to build your own custom analytics dashboards:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="OSS Gallery" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/oss-gallery" color="#333333">
    Programmatically shorten links and fetch real-time click analytics with Dub
  </Card>

  <Card title="Cap.so" icon="github" href="https://github.com/CapSoftware/Cap/blob/2d619ca7ad19247657cf059e10ac74e02f03ef04/apps/web/actions/videos/get-analytics.ts" color="#333333">
    How Cap.so fetches real-time click analytics for their recording links
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

And here's another [real-world example](https://x.com/meetassembly/status/1901691081579794505) of a custom analytics dashboard built with the Analytics API:

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/assembly-link-analytics.jpg" alt="Assembly link analytics" />
</Frame>


# Location data
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/analytics/location



<Note>
  Analytics endpoints require a [Pro plan](https://dub.co/pricing) subscription
  or higher.
</Note>

Location data allows you to analyze how users interact with your links across different geographical locations.

## Country analytics

The top countries by event count, including ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "countries",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "countries",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'countries',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("countries"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "countries",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## City analytics

The top cities by event count, including city names and their corresponding region codes + ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "cities",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "cities",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'cities',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("cities"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "cities",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Continent analytics

The top continents by event count, using 2-letter ISO continent codes.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "continents",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "continents",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'continents',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("continents"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "continents",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Region analytics

The top regions by event count, including region codes and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "regions",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "regions",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'regions',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("regions"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "regions",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>


# Referrers data
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/analytics/referrers



<Note>
  Analytics endpoints require a [Pro plan](https://dub.co/pricing) subscription
  or higher.
</Note>

Referrers data allows you to analyze where your link traffic is coming from, including both the referrer domain and the full referrer URL.

## Referrer domain analytics

The top referrers by event count, including referrer names.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "referrers",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "referrers",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'referrers',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("referrers"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "referrers",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Referrer URL analytics

The top referrer URLs by event count, including full URLs.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "referer_urls",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "referer_urls",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'referer_urls',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("referer_urls"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "referer_urls",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>


# Tags data
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/analytics/tags

Learn how to retrieve analytics data on Dub by tags

## Filter analytics by tags

You can filter analytics data by tags by passing the `tagIds` parameter to the `retrieve` function.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "top_links",
    tagIds: ["tag_12345", "tag_67890"],
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "top_links",
          "tagIds": ["tag_12345", "tag_67890"],
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'top_links',
      tagIds: ['tag_12345', 'tag_67890'],
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("top_links"),
          TagIDs: []string{"tag_12345", "tag_67890"},
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "top_links",
    tagIds: ["tag_12345", "tag_67890"],
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Top tags by event

<Note>
  This feature is coming soon. If you'd like early access, please [contact
  us](https://dub.co/contact/support).
</Note>

## Tag analytics

The top links by event count, filtered by tags.


# UTM data
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/analytics/utm



<Note>
  Analytics endpoints require a [Pro plan](https://dub.co/pricing) subscription
  or higher.
</Note>

UTM data allows you to analyze the effectiveness of your marketing campaigns by tracking the source, medium, campaign, term, and content parameters.

## UTM source analytics

The top UTM sources by event count.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_sources",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "utm_sources",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'utm_sources',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("utm_sources"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_sources",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## UTM medium analytics

The top UTM mediums by event count.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_mediums",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "utm_mediums",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'utm_mediums',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("utm_mediums"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_mediums",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## UTM campaign analytics

The top UTM campaigns by event count.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_campaigns",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "utm_campaigns",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'utm_campaigns',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("utm_campaigns"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_campaigns",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## UTM term analytics

The top UTM terms by event count.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_terms",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "utm_terms",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'utm_terms',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("utm_terms"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_terms",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## UTM content analytics

The top UTM contents by event count.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_contents",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.analytics.retrieve(request={
          "event": "clicks",
          "groupBy": "utm_contents",
          "linkId": "clux0rgak00011...",
          "interval": "30d",
      })
      print(res)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
      event: 'clicks',
      groupBy: 'utm_contents',
      linkId: 'clux0rgak00011...',
      interval: '30d',
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->oneOf !== null) {
      // handle response
  }
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
          Event: dubgo.String("clicks"),
          GroupBy: dubgo.String("utm_contents"),
          LinkID: dubgo.String("clux0rgak00011..."),
          Interval: dubgo.String("30d"),
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // handle response
      }
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
        security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
        ),
      )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    event: "clicks",
    groupBy: "utm_contents",
    linkId: "clux0rgak00011...",
    interval: "30d",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)

  if ! res.one_of.nil?
    # handle response
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>


# Bulk operations
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/links/bulk-operations

Learn how to perform bulk operations on links.

Dub allows you to perform bulk operations on links. This is particularly useful when you need to [create](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-create-links), [update](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-update-links), or [delete](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-delete-links) multiple links at once without having to make multiple API requests.

## Bulk create links

Bulk create allows you to create up to 100 links at once.

<Warning>
  Bulk link creation does not support [custom link
  previews](https://dub.co/help/article/custom-link-previews). Also, [webhook
  events](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) will not be triggered when using bulk
  link creation.
</Warning>

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.links.createMany([
    {
      url: "https://google.com",
    },
    {
      url: "https://google.uk",
    },
  ]);
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )
  }

  res, err := s.Links.CreateMany(ctx, []operations.RequestBody{
    operations.RequestBody{
      URL: "https://google.com",
    },
    operations.RequestBody{
      URL: "https://google.uk",
    },
  })
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = dub.links.create_many(request=[
    {
       "url": "https://google.com",
    },
    {
      "url": "https://google.uk",
    },
  ])
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = [
    ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RequestBody.new(
      url: "https://google.com",
    ),
    ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RequestBody.new(
      url: "https://example.uk"
    ),
  ]

  res = s.links.create_many(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = [
    new Operations\RequestBody(
      url: 'https://google.com',
    ),
    new Operations\RequestBody(
      url: 'https://google.uk',
    ),
  ];

  $response = $sdk->links->createMany(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request POST \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links/bulk \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
    --data '[
      {
        "url": "https://google.com"
      },
      {
        "url": "https://google.uk"
      }
    ]'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Check out the [full API reference for the link bulk creation endpoint](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-create-links).

## Bulk update links

Bulk update allows you to modify up to 100 links simultaneously **with the same data**.

Some potential use cases:

* Tagging multiple links at once
* Setting the same expiration date for multiple links
* Updating UTM parameters for multiple links

<Warning>
  You cannot update the domain or key of a link with this endpoint. Also,
  [webhook events](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) will not be triggered when
  using bulk link updates
</Warning>

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.links.updateMany({
    linkIds: ["clux0rgak00011...", "clux0rgak00022..."],
    data: {
      utm_source: "facebook",
      utm_medium: "cpc",
    },
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.UpdateMany(ctx, operations.BulkUpdateLinksRequestBody{
      LinkIds: []string{
        "clux0rgak00011...",
        "clux0rgak00022...",
      },
      Data: map[string]string{
        "utm_source": "facebook",
        "utm_medium": "cpc",
      },
    })
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = dub.links.update_many(request={
    "link_ids": [
      "clux0rgak00011...",
      "clux0rgak00022...",
    ],
    "data": {
      "utm_source": "facebook",
      "utm_medium": "cpc",
    },
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::BulkUpdateLinksRequestBody.new(
    link_ids: [
      "clux0rgak00011...",
      "clux0rgak00022...",
    ],
    data: {
      "utm_source": "facebook",
      "utm_medium": "cpc",
    },
  )

  res = s.links.update_many(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $response = $sdk->links->updateMany(
    linkIds: [
      'clux0rgak00011...',
      'clux0rgak00022...',
    ],
    data: {
      "utm_source": "facebook",
      "utm_medium": "cpc",
    },
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request PATCH \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links/bulk \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{"link_ids": ["clux0rgak00011...", "clux0rgak00022..."], "data": {"utm_source": "facebook", "utm_medium": "cpc"}}'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Check out the [full API reference for the link bulk update endpoint](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-update-links).

## Bulk delete links

With bulk delete, you can delete up to 100 links at once.

<Warning>
  This is a destructive action and cannot be undone. Proceed with caution. Also,
  [webhook events](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) will not be triggered when
  using this endpoint.
</Warning>

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.links.deleteMany({
    linkIds: ["clux0rgak00011...", "clux0rgak00022..."],
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

     res, err := s.Links.DeleteMany(ctx, operations.BulkDeleteLinksRequest{
      LinkIds: []string{
        "clux0rgak00011...",
        "clux0rgak00022...",
      },
    })
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

   res = dub.links.delete_many(request={
    "link_ids": [
      "clux0rgak00011...",
      "clux0rgak00022...",
    ],
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::BulkDeleteLinksRequest.new(
    link_ids: [
      "clux0rgak00011...",
      "clux0rgak00022...",
    ],
  )

  res = s.links.delete_many(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();


  $response = $sdk->links->deleteMany(
    linkIds: [
      'clux0rgak00011...',
      'clux0rgak00022...',
    ]
  );

  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request DELETE \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links/bulk?linkIds=clux0rgak00011... \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Check out the [full API reference for the link bulk delete endpoint](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-delete-links).


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/links/introduction

Learn how to use Dub to programmatically create, update, and delete links at scale.

Links are the bread and butter of [Dub](https://dub.co).

Everything on Dub starts with a link. Whether you're creating:

* a handful of links for your marketing campaign
* hundreds of links for your [affiliate program](/partners/quickstart)
* thousands of links, [programmatically](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-create-links), for your SMS campaign

In this guide, we'll cover the link model, how to create links, and more.

## The link model

The link model consists of the following properties:

| Property    | Description                                               | Example                         |
| ----------- | :-------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------ |
| `id`        | The unique identifier of the link (prefixed with `link_`) | `link_eBKA4MT44XnI17hYLchkjUOd` |
| `url`       | The destination URL of the link                           | `https://dub.co/home`           |
| `shortLink` | The shortened version of the link (including https)       | `https://dub.link/claim`        |
| `domain`    | The domain of the link                                    | `dub.link`                      |
| `key`       | The short link slug                                       | `claim`                         |

For more advanced features like [custom link previews](https://dub.co/help/article/custom-link-previews), [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), and more, see the full list of properties [here](/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-link).

You can use the various [Dub SDKs](/sdks/overview) to programmatically manage your links.

## Create a link

The `url` field, representing the destination URL, is the sole mandatory parameter required for the creation of a new short link.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const link = await dub.links.create({
    url: "https://google.com",
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.Create(ctx, &operations.CreateLinkRequestBody{
      URL: "https://google.com",
    })

    if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if res != nil {
      // handle response
    }
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = d.links.create(request={
    "url": "https://google.com",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateLinkRequestBody.new(
    url: "https://google.com",
  )
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\CreateLinkRequestBody(
    url: 'https://google.com',
  );

  $response = $sdk->links->create(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL {5}
  curl --request POST \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{"url": "https://google.com"}'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Check out the [full API reference for the link creation endpoint](/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-link).

## Update a link

An existing link can be updated by providing the `id` to the `update` method. This method returns the updated link as a response.

You can use either the `linkId` or an `externalId` prefixed with `ext_` which is a unique identifier for the link in your own database to associate it with the link in Dub's system.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const link = await dub.links.update("link_eBKA4MT44XnI17hYLchkjUOd", {
    url: "https://www.google.uk", // new URL
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.Update(ctx, "link_eBKA4MT44XnI17hYLchkjUOd", &operations.UpdateLinkRequestBody{
      URL: "https://www.google.uk", // new URL
    })

    if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if res != nil {
      // handle response
    }
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = dub.links.update(link_id="link_eBKA4MT44XnI17hYLchkjUOd", request_body={
    "url": "https://www.google.uk", // new URL
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  res = s.links.update(link_id="link_eBKA4MT44XnI17hYLchkjUOd", request_body={
    "url": "https://www.google.uk", // new URL
  })
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $requestBody = new Operations\UpdateLinkRequestBody(
    url: 'https://www.google.uk', // new URL
  );

  $response = $sdk->links->update(
    linkId: 'link_eBKA4MT44XnI17hYLchkjUOd',
    requestBody: $requestBody
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request PATCH \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links/link_eBKA4MT44XnI17hYLchkjUOd \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{"url": "https://www.google.uk"}'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Check out the [full API reference for the link update endpoint](/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-link).

## Upsert a link

Upserting a link is a combination of creating and updating a link. If a link with the same URL already exists, return it (or update it if there are any changes). Otherwise, a new link will be created.

This allows you to use the upsert method without the necessity of checking for the link's existence beforehand.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const link = await dub.links.upsert({
    url: "https://google.com", // will always be the same short link
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.Upsert(ctx, &operations.UpsertLinkRequestBody{
      URL: "https://google.com",
    })

    if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if res != nil {
      // handle response
    }
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = d.links.upsert(request={
    "url": "https://google.com",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::UpsertLinkRequestBody.new(
    url: "https://google.com",
  )
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\UpsertLinkRequestBody(
    url: 'https://google.com',
  );

  $response = $sdk->links->upsert(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request POST \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links/upsert \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{"url": "https://google.com"}'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Check out the [full API reference for the link upsert endpoint](/api-reference/endpoint/upsert-a-link).


# Organizing links
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/links/organization

Learn how to associate links with users, campaigns, teams, and other entities within your system.

When creating links programmatically with Dub, you might want a way to associate them with a user or other identifiers in your system.

There are a few ways to do this, depending on your data structure:

| Method                      | Type         | Description                                        | Use case                                                                                              |
| --------------------------- | ------------ | -------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [External ID](#external-id) | One-to-one   | A unique identifier for a link within your system. | Associating referral links with users in your system.                                                 |
| [Tenant ID](#tenant-id)     | One-to-many  | The ID of the tenant that created the link.        | Grouping all links created by a user/team in your system.                                             |
| [Tags](#tags)               | Many-to-many | Grouping links by tags                             | Organizing links by campaign / user / various for flexible, multi-dimensional filtering and reporting |

## External ID

In certain scenarios, it is essential to identify links within your system. For instance, you may need to associate a link with a user without storing the Dub link ID directly in your database (e.g. for referral links).

The `externalId` field serves this purpose effectively. It acts as a unique identifier within your database, allowing you to associate it with a corresponding link in Dub's system.

Dub allows you to create links using an `externalId` and subsequently retrieve them by the same identifier.

<Note>
  `externalId` should be a unique value across your workspace. Trying to create
  a link with an externalId that already exists will result in a [`409` conflict
  error](/api-reference/introduction#conflict) error.
</Note>

### Create link with an externalId

Here is an example of how to create a link with an `externalId`:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const link = await dub.links.create({
    url: "https://google.com",
    externalId: "12345",
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.Create(ctx, &operations.CreateLinkRequestBody{
      URL: "https://google.com",
      ExternalId: "12345",
    })

    if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if res != nil {
      // handle response
    }
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = d.links.create(request={
    "url": "https://google.com",
    "external_id": "12345",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateLinkRequestBody.new(
    url: "https://google.com",
    external_id: "12345",
  )
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\CreateLinkRequestBody(
    url: 'https://google.com',
    externalId: '12345',
  );

  $response = $sdk->links->create(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request POST \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{
      "url": "https://google.com",
      "external_id": "12345"
    }'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Retrieve link by externalId

Let's see how to retrieve a link by its `externalId`:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const link = await dub.links.get({
    externalId: "12345",
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.Get(ctx, operations.GetLinkInfoRequest{
      ExternalID: dubgo.String("12345"),
    })
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = d.links.get(request={
    "external_id": "12345",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::GetLinkInfoRequest.new(
    external_id: "12345",
  )

  res = s.links.get(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $response = $sdk->links->get(
    externalId: '12345'
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request GET \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links/info?external_id=12345 \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Update link by externalId

In addition to updating a link by its `linkId`, you can also update a link by its `externalId`.

<Note>
  Make sure to prefix the `externalId` with `ext_`. For example, if your
  `externalId` is `12345`, you should pass `ext_12345`.
</Note>

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const link = await dub.links.update("ext_12345", {
    url: "https://www.google.uk", // new URL
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.Update(ctx, "ext_12345", &operations.UpdateLinkRequestBody{
      URL: "https://www.google.uk", // new URL
    })

    if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if res != nil {
      // handle response
    }
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = dub.links.update(link_id="ext_12345", request_body={
    "url": "https://www.google.uk", // new URL
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  res = s.links.update(link_id="ext_12345", request_body={
    "url": "https://www.google.uk", // new URL
  })
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $requestBody = new Operations\UpdateLinkRequestBody(
    url: 'https://www.google.uk', // new URL
  );

  $response = $sdk->links->update(
    linkId: 'ext_12345',
    requestBody: $requestBody
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request PATCH \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links/ext_12345 \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{"url": "https://www.google.uk"}'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Retrieve analytics by externalId

You can also retrieve analytics for a link by its `externalId`. This is helpful for fetching the analytics for a given link using the unique identifier from your system.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const analytics = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    externalId: "ext_12345",
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
      ExternalID: dubgo.String("ext_12345"),
    })
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = dub.analytics.retrieve(request={
    "external_id": "ext_12345",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    external_id: "ext_12345",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
    externalId: "ext_12345",
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request GET \
    --url https://api.dub.co/analytics?external_id=ext_12345 \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Tenant ID

The ID of the tenant that created the link inside your system. If set, it can be used to fetch all links for a tenant. This is useful if you have a system that lets your users create their own links, and you want to group them on a tenant level.

### Create link with tenantId

Let's see how to create a link with a tenant ID:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const link = await dub.links.create({
    url: "https://google.com",
    tenantId: "12345",
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.Create(ctx, &operations.CreateLinkRequestBody{
      URL: "https://google.com",
      TenantId: "12345",
    })

    if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if res != nil {
      // handle response
    }
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = d.links.create(request={
    "url": "https://google.com",
    "tenant_id": "12345",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateLinkRequestBody.new(
    url: "https://google.com",
    tenant_id: "12345",
  )
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\CreateLinkRequestBody(
    url: 'https://google.com',
    tenantId: '12345',
  );

  $response = $sdk->links->create(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request POST \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{
      "url": "https://google.com",
      "external_id": "12345"
    }'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Retrieve links by tenantId

Here is how to retrieve links by tenant ID:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.links.list({
    tenantId: "12345",
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.List(ctx, operations.GetLinksRequest{
      TenantId: dubgo.String("12345"),
    })
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = s.links.list(request={
    "tenant_id": "12345",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::GetLinksRequest.new(
    tenant_id: "12345",
  )

  res = s.links.list(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\GetLinksRequest(
    tenantId: "12345",
  );

  $responses = $sdk->links->list(
    request: $request
  );

  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request GET \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links?tenantId=12345 \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Retrieve analytics by tenantId

You can retrieve analytics by tenantId by passing the `tenantId` prop. This is helpful for fetching the analytics for all the links under a specific tenant, or the total analytics for a tenant.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const analytics = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    tenantId: "12345",
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
      TenantId: dubgo.String("12345"),
    })
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = dub.analytics.retrieve(request={
    "tenant_id": "12345",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    tenant_id: "12345",
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
    tenantId: "12345",
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request GET \
    --url https://api.dub.co/analytics?tenantId=12345 \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

***

## Tags

Tags are a great way to organize your links on Dub.

With tags, you can:

* Organize your links by campaigns, clients, or any other categories you can think of.
* [Filter your links by tags](#retrieve-links-by-tags) and get a shareable link to the filtered results.
* [Filter your analytics by tags](#retrieve-analytics-by-tags) to see how your campaigns are performing.

### Create link with tags

You can use either pass the tag ID or tag name to create a link with tags.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const link = await dub.links.create({
    url: "https://example.com",
    tagIds: ["clux0rgak00011..."],
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.Create(ctx, &operations.CreateLinkRequestBody{
      URL: "https://example.com",
      TagIds: []string{"clux0rgak00011..."},
    })

    if err != nil {
      log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if res != nil {
      // handle response
    }
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = d.links.create(request={
    "url": "https://example.com",
    "tag_ids": ["clux0rgak00011..."],
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateLinkRequestBody.new(
    url: "https://example.com",
    tag_ids: ["clux0rgak00011..."],
  )
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\CreateLinkRequestBody(
    url: 'https://example.com',
    tagIds: ['clux0rgak00011...'],
  );

  $response = $sdk->links->create(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request POST \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data '{
      "url": "https://example.com",
      "tagIds": ["clux0rgak00011..."]
    }'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Retrieve links by tags

You can retrieve links by tag by tags.

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const result = await dub.links.list({
    tagNames: ["tag1"],
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Links.List(ctx, operations.GetLinksRequest{
      TagNames: []string{"tag1"},
    })
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = s.links.list(request={
    "tag_names": ["tag1"],
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::GetLinksRequest.new(
    tag_names: ["tag1"],
  )

  res = s.links.list(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\GetLinksRequest(
    tagNames: ["tag1"],
  );

  $responses = $sdk->links->list(
    request: $request
  );

  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request GET \
    --url https://api.dub.co/links?tagNames=tag1 \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Retrieve analytics by tags

You can retrieve analytics for a tag (or multiple tags) by passing the `tagIds` prop. This is helpful for fetching the analytics for all the links under a specific tag, or the total analytics for a tag (or multiple tags).

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  export const dub = new Dub({
    token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY,
  });

  const analytics = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
    tagIds: ["tag_xxx"],
  });
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
    "context"
    dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
    "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
    "log"
    "os"
  )

  func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()

    s := dubgo.New(
      dubgo.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
    )

    res, err := s.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
      TagIds: []string{"tag_xxx"},
    })
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  import os
  import dub
  from dub.models import operations

  d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'],
  )

  res = dub.analytics.retrieve(request={
    "tag_ids": ["tag_xxx"],
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  s.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: "DUB_API_KEY",
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
    tag_ids: ["tag_xxx"],
  )

  res = s.analytics.retrieve(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')->build();

  $request = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest(
    tagIds: ["tag_xxx"],
  );

  $response = $sdk->analytics->retrieve(
    request: $request
  );
  ```

  ```bash cURL
  curl --request GET \
    --url https://api.dub.co/analytics?tagIds=tag_xxx \
    --header 'Authorization: Bearer <token>' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
  ```
</CodeGroup>


# Event types
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/webhooks/event-types

List of available webhook events you can listen to along with their payload examples

Webhooks are a great way to get real-time notifications on events that happen in your Dub workspace. Webhooks on Dub follow the following format:

```json webhook-payload.json
{
  "id": "evt_KleiO4HBwZFbO1vZLWIPZ2AtX", // The event ID
  "event": "link.created", // The event type
  "createdAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.346Z", // The timestamp of when the event was created
  "data": {
    // Event payload
  }
}
```

There are two types of webhook events you can listen to:

* [**Workspace-level events**](#workspace-level-events)
* [**Link-level events**](#link-level-events)

## Workspace-level events

These events are triggered in the context of your entire workspace:

* [`link.created`](#link-created)
* [`link.updated`](#link-updated)
* [`link.deleted`](#link-deleted)
* [`lead.created`](#lead-created)
* [`sale.created`](#sale-created)
* [`partner.enrolled`](#partner-enrolled)

### `link.created`

This event is triggered when a [new link is created](/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-link) in your Dub workspace. The event payload contains the created link's details.

Here's an example payload:

<Accordion title="Sample payload">
  ```json link.created
  {
    "id": "evt_KleiO4HBwZFbO1vZLWIPZ2AtX",
    "event": "link.created",
    "createdAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.346Z",
    "data": {
      "id": "cm0b87844000dismqhkviju54",
      "domain": "dub.sh",
      "key": "sOvvXDT",
      "externalId": null,
      "url": "https://github.com/stack-auth/stack",
      "trackConversion": false,
      "archived": false,
      "expiresAt": null,
      "expiredUrl": null,
      "password": null,
      "proxy": false,
      "title": null,
      "description": null,
      "image": null,
      "video": null,
      "rewrite": false,
      "doIndex": false,
      "ios": null,
      "android": null,
      "geo": null,
      "publicStats": false,
      "tagId": null,
      "tags": [],
      "comments": null,
      "shortLink": "https://dub.sh/sOvvXDT",
      "qrCode": "https://api.dub.co/qr?url=https://dub.sh/sOvvXDT?qr=1",
      "utm_source": null,
      "utm_medium": null,
      "utm_campaign": null,
      "utm_term": null,
      "utm_content": null,
      "userId": "cm022rkcw0000ikt14mscg9sg",
      "workspaceId": "ws_cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl",
      "clicks": 0,
      "lastClicked": null,
      "leads": 0,
      "sales": 0,
      "saleAmount": 0,
      "createdAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.084Z",
      "updatedAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.084Z",
      "projectId": "cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl"
    }
  }
  ```
</Accordion>

### `link.updated`

This event is triggered when a [link is updated](/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-link) in your Dub workspace. The event payload contains the updated link's details.

Here's an example payload:

<Accordion title="Sample payload">
  ```json link.updated
  {
    "id": "event_KleiO4HBwZFbO1vZLWIPZ2AtX",
    "event": "link.updated",
    "createdAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.346Z",
    "data": {
      "id": "cm0b87844000dismqhkviju54",
      "domain": "dub.sh",
      "key": "sOvvXDT",
      "externalId": null,
      "url": "https://github.com/stack-auth/stack",
      "trackConversion": false,
      "archived": false,
      "expiresAt": null,
      "expiredUrl": null,
      "password": null,
      "proxy": false,
      "title": null,
      "description": null,
      "image": null,
      "video": null,
      "rewrite": false,
      "doIndex": false,
      "ios": null,
      "android": null,
      "geo": null,
      "publicStats": false,
      "tagId": null,
      "tags": [],
      "comments": null,
      "shortLink": "https://dub.sh/sOvvXDT",
      "qrCode": "https://api.dub.co/qr?url=https://dub.sh/sOvvXDT?qr=1",
      "utm_source": null,
      "utm_medium": null,
      "utm_campaign": null,
      "utm_term": null,
      "utm_content": null,
      "userId": "cm022rkcw0000ikt14mscg9sg",
      "workspaceId": "ws_cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl",
      "clicks": 0,
      "lastClicked": null,
      "leads": 0,
      "sales": 0,
      "saleAmount": 0,
      "createdAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.084Z",
      "updatedAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.084Z",
      "projectId": "cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl"
    }
  }
  ```
</Accordion>

### `link.deleted`

This event is triggered when a [link is deleted](/api-reference/endpoint/delete-a-link) in your Dub workspace. The event payload contains the deleted link's details.

Here's an example payload:

<Accordion title="Sample payload">
  ```json link.deleted
  {
    "id": "evt_KleiO4HBwZFbO1vZLWIPZ2AtX",
    "event": "link.deleted",
    "createdAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.346Z",
    "data": {
      "id": "cm0b87844000dismqhkviju54",
      "domain": "dub.sh",
      "key": "sOvvXDT",
      "externalId": null,
      "url": "https://github.com/stack-auth/stack",
      "trackConversion": false,
      "archived": false,
      "expiresAt": null,
      "expiredUrl": null,
      "password": null,
      "proxy": false,
      "title": null,
      "description": null,
      "image": null,
      "video": null,
      "rewrite": false,
      "doIndex": false,
      "ios": null,
      "android": null,
      "geo": null,
      "publicStats": false,
      "tagId": null,
      "tags": [],
      "comments": null,
      "shortLink": "https://dub.sh/sOvvXDT",
      "qrCode": "https://api.dub.co/qr?url=https://dub.sh/sOvvXDT?qr=1",
      "utm_source": null,
      "utm_medium": null,
      "utm_campaign": null,
      "utm_term": null,
      "utm_content": null,
      "userId": "cm022rkcw0000ikt14mscg9sg",
      "workspaceId": "ws_cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl",
      "clicks": 0,
      "lastClicked": null,
      "leads": 0,
      "sales": 0,
      "saleAmount": 0,
      "createdAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.084Z",
      "updatedAt": "2024-08-26T16:41:52.084Z",
      "projectId": "cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl"
    }
  }
  ```
</Accordion>

### `lead.created`

This event is triggered when a [new lead is created](/api-reference/endpoint/track-lead) via [Dub Conversions](/conversions/quickstart). The event payload contains the following:

* `eventName`: The name of the event that was tracked.
* `customer`: Details about the customer that signed up.
* `click`: Details about the click event that led to the lead event.
* `link`: Details about the referral link that the lead event is associated with.

Here's an example payload:

<Accordion title="Sample payload">
  ```json lead.created
  {
    "id": "evt_P343bmyae40ALQYr5HT4vRXRd",
    "event": "lead.created",
    "createdAt": "2024-08-30T09:53:50.343Z",
    "data": {
      "eventName": "Sign up",
      "customer": {
        "id": "oU5P0SqI8fpwx5bxw1",
        "name": "John",
        "email": "john@example.com",
        "avatar": "https://example.com/john.jpeg"
      },
      "click": {
        "id": "d0UtZqE0BZuBPrJS",
        "url": "https://github.com/dubinc/dub",
        "ip": "63.141.57.109",
        "continent": "NA",
        "country": "US",
        "city": "San Francisco",
        "device": "Desktop",
        "browser": "Chrome",
        "os": "Mac OS",
        "ua": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
        "bot": false,
        "qr": false,
        "referer": "(direct)"
      },
      "link": {
        "id": "cm0faqkyn0001txvfwjfeq7gl",
        "domain": "dub.sh",
        "key": "79ys3WA",
        "externalId": null,
        "url": "https://github.com/dubinc/dub",
        "trackConversion": true,
        "archived": false,
        "expiresAt": null,
        "expiredUrl": null,
        "password": null,
        "proxy": false,
        "title": null,
        "description": null,
        "image": null,
        "video": null,
        "rewrite": false,
        "doIndex": false,
        "ios": null,
        "android": null,
        "geo": null,
        "publicStats": false,
        "comments": null,
        "shortLink": "https://dub.sh/79ys3WA",
        "qrCode": "https://api.dub.co/qr?url=https://dub.sh/79ys3WA?qr=1",
        "utm_source": null,
        "utm_medium": null,
        "utm_campaign": null,
        "utm_term": null,
        "utm_content": null,
        "userId": "cm022rkcw0000ikt14mscg9sg",
        "workspaceId": "ws_cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl",
        "clicks": 10,
        "lastClicked": "2024-08-30T07:45:09.000Z",
        "leads": 5,
        "sales": 0,
        "saleAmount": 0,
        "createdAt": "2024-08-29T13:03:59.098Z",
        "updatedAt": "2024-08-30T09:53:49.505Z"
      }
    }
  }
  ```
</Accordion>

### `sale.created`

This event is triggered when a [new sale is tracked](/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale) via [Dub Conversions](/conversions/quickstart). The event payload contains the following:

* `eventName`: The name of the event that was tracked.
* `customer`: Details about the customer that made the purchase.
* `click`: Details about the click event that led to the sale event.
* `link`: Details about the referral link that the sale event is associated with.

Here's an example payload:

<Accordion title="Sample payload">
  ```json sale.created
  {
    "id": "evt_WHjyHhqsfYOrlJOOVJSoHXysD",
    "event": "sale.created",
    "createdAt": "2024-08-30T09:57:51.245Z",
    "data": {
      "eventName": "Purchased",
      "customer": {
        "id": "cm0gjdvr20001dkbha2n9gt2b",
        "name": "John",
        "email": "john@example.com",
        "avatar": "https://example.com/john.jpeg"
      },
      "click": {
        "id": "d0UtZqE0BZuBPrJS",
        "url": "https://github.com/dubinc/dub",
        "ip": "63.141.57.109",
        "continent": "NA",
        "country": "US",
        "city": "San Francisco",
        "device": "Desktop",
        "browser": "Chrome",
        "os": "Mac OS",
        "ua": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
        "bot": false,
        "qr": false,
        "referer": "(direct)"
      },
      "link": {
        "id": "cm0faqkyn0001txvfwjfeq7gl",
        "domain": "dub.sh",
        "key": "79ys3WA",
        "externalId": null,
        "url": "https://github.com/dubinc/dub",
        "trackConversion": true,
        "archived": false,
        "expiresAt": null,
        "expiredUrl": null,
        "password": null,
        "proxy": false,
        "title": null,
        "description": null,
        "image": null,
        "video": null,
        "rewrite": false,
        "doIndex": false,
        "ios": null,
        "android": null,
        "geo": null,
        "publicStats": false,
        "comments": null,
        "shortLink": "https://dub.sh/79ys3WA",
        "qrCode": "https://api.dub.co/qr?url=https://dub.sh/79ys3WA?qr=1",
        "utm_source": null,
        "utm_medium": null,
        "utm_campaign": null,
        "utm_term": null,
        "utm_content": null,
        "userId": "cm022rkcw0000ikt14mscg9sg",
        "workspaceId": "ws_cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl",
        "clicks": 10,
        "lastClicked": "2024-08-30T07:45:09.000Z",
        "leads": 5,
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 20000,
        "createdAt": "2024-08-29T13:03:59.098Z",
        "updatedAt": "2024-08-30T09:57:50.891Z"
      },
      "sale": {
        "amount": 4500,
        "currency": "usd",
        "paymentProcessor": "stripe",
        "invoiceId": null
      }
    }
  }
  ```
</Accordion>

### `partner.enrolled`

This event is triggered when a [new partner is enrolled](/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-partner) in your partner program. The event payload contains the following:

* `partner`: Details about the partner that was enrolled.
* `links`: An array of the partner's referral links.

Here's an example payload:

<Accordion title="Sample payload">
  ```json partner.enrolled
  {
    "id": "evt_ovabfqva8oqZzmLPN1JnwIfdt",
    "event": "partner.enrolled",
    "createdAt": "2025-04-08T17:11:56.492Z",
    "data": {
      "id": "pn_1JRB6678XHGBZE95R5PH5QVGS",
      "name": "Asleep Pink Mammal",
      "email": "chosen.blush.barracuda@dub-internal-test.com",
      "image": "https://api.dub.co/og/avatar?seed=Asleep Pink Mammal",
      "description": null,
      "country": "US",
      "payoutsEnabledAt": null,
      "paypalEmail": null,
      "stripeConnectId": null,
      "createdAt": "2025-04-08T17:11:56.446Z",
      "status": "approved",
      "programId": "prog_CYCu7IMAapjkRpTnr8F1azjN",
      "tenantId": null,
      "clicks": 0,
      "leads": 0,
      "sales": 0,
      "saleAmount": 0,
      "earnings": 0,
      "applicationId": null,
      "website": "https://example.com",
      "youtube": null,
      "twitter": null,
      "linkedin": null,
      "instagram": null,
      "tiktok": null,
      "links": [
        {
          "id": "link_1JRB6677YXQB49RC1HKH7TPJE",
          "domain": "getacme.link",
          "key": "uvYO5pMIpctKdUVJlL3jIL4o",
          "shortLink": "https://getacme.link/uvYO5pMIpctKdUVJlL3jIL4o",
          "url": "https://acme.com",
          "clicks": 0,
          "leads": 0,
          "sales": 0,
          "saleAmount": 0
        }
      ]
    }
  }
  ```
</Accordion>

### `commission.created`

This event is triggered whenever a new commission is generated in your partner program — either automatically through a tracked conversion or manually via your dashboard.

The event payload contains the following:

* `partner`: Details about the partner that earned the commission.
* `customer`: Details about the customer that made the purchase.
* `userId`: The ID of the user who created the manual commission. You can use this field to distinguish manual commissions from other types of commissions.

Here's an example payload:

<Accordion title="Sample payload">
  ```json commission.created
  {
    "id": "evt_64dv6vxYVgltzJBKc9ujJ1ghL",
    "event": "commission.created",
    "createdAt": "2025-07-16T10:48:15.468Z",
    "data": {
      "id": "cm_1K09DJTBCRT24P6BRD515CK29",
      "type": "sale",
      "amount": 50000,
      "earnings": 10000,
      "currency": "usd",
      "status": "pending",
      "invoiceId": null,
      "description": null,
      "quantity": 1,
      "userId": "cludszk1h0000wmd2e0ea2b0p",
      "createdAt": "2025-07-16T10:48:14.722Z",
      "updatedAt": "2025-07-16T10:48:14.960Z",
      "partner": {
        "id": "pn_1K06X6FX2GRB31NCM2VVCGJ72",
        "name": "Matthew Hayden",
        "email": "matthew@example.com",
        "image": null,
        "payoutsEnabledAt": null,
        "country": "US"
      },
      "customer": {
        "id": "cus_1K09DJDEACR47NPYC93RM43WF",
        "externalId": "TaMD05AnuyqeI",
        "name": "David",
        "email": "david@example.com",
        "avatar": null,
        "country": "US",
        "sales": 1,
        "saleAmount": 50000,
        "createdAt": "2025-07-16T10:48:01.739Z"
      }
    }
  }
  ```
</Accordion>

## Link-level events

Due to the high volume nature of these events, these events are scoped to a specific link.

This means that you need to specify the link when creating a webhook – though you can select multiple links for the same webhook if you'd like.

### `link.clicked`

This event is triggered when a user clicks on a link. The event payload contains all the details about the click event.

Here's an example payload:

<Accordion title="Sample payload">
  ```json link.clicked
  {
    "id": "evt_b9ywgxWqai2glUpCQjclB17kM",
    "event": "link.clicked",
    "createdAt": "2024-08-30T10:16:13.149Z",
    "data": {
      "click": {
        "timestamp": "2024-08-30T10:16:12.124Z",
        "clickId": "d0UtZqE0BZuBPrJS",
        "url": "https://github.com/dubinc/dub",
        "ip": "63.141.57.109",
        "continent": "NA",
        "country": "US",
        "city": "San Francisco",
        "device": "Desktop",
        "browser": "Chrome",
        "os": "Mac OS",
        "ua": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/127.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
        "bot": false,
        "qr": false,
        "referer": "(direct)"
      },
      "link": {
        "id": "cm0faqkyn0001txvfwjfeq7gl",
        "domain": "dub.sh",
        "key": "79ys3WA",
        "externalId": null,
        "url": "https://github.com/dubinc/dub",
        "trackConversion": true,
        "archived": false,
        "expiresAt": null,
        "expiredUrl": null,
        "password": null,
        "proxy": false,
        "title": null,
        "description": null,
        "image": null,
        "video": null,
        "rewrite": false,
        "doIndex": false,
        "ios": null,
        "android": null,
        "geo": null,
        "publicStats": false,
        "comments": null,
        "shortLink": "https://dub.sh/79ys3WA",
        "qrCode": "https://api.dub.co/qr?url=https://dub.sh/79ys3WA?qr=1",
        "utm_source": null,
        "utm_medium": null,
        "utm_campaign": null,
        "utm_term": null,
        "utm_content": null,
        "userId": "cm022rkcw0000ikt14mscg9sg",
        "workspaceId": "ws_cm022sis60003ikt1syy7kfhl",
        "clicks": 11,
        "lastClicked": "2024-08-30T07:45:09.000Z",
        "leads": 6,
        "sales": 10,
        "saleAmount": 200000,
        "createdAt": "2024-08-29T13:03:59.098Z",
        "updatedAt": "2024-08-30T10:16:12.126Z"
      }
    }
  }
  ```
</Accordion>


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/webhooks/introduction

Use webhooks to get real-time notifications on events happening across your Dub workspace.

Webhooks allows you to listen to real-time events happening across your Dub workspace. With webhooks, you can build custom integrations with Dub, such as:

* Triggering a Zap on [Zapier](https://dub.co/integrations/zapier) when a new link is created in Dub
* Sending click events in real-time to [Segment](https://dub.co/integrations/segment) for further processing
* Get a [Slack](https://dub.co/integrations/slack) notification when someone clicks on your pitch deck link
* Building gamified referral programs with [Dub Conversions](/conversions/quickstart) – e.g. increment usage credits for the referrer when a [new signup](/conversions/leads) happens

<Warning>
  The following endpoints do not trigger webhook events: [Bulk create
  links](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-create-links), [Bulk update
  links](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-update-links), [Bulk delete
  links](/api-reference/endpoint/bulk-delete-links).
</Warning>

In this guide, we'll show you how to configure webhooks for your Dub workspace and a list of available events you can listen to.

## Creating a webhook

To create a webhook for your Dub workspace, you'll need to follow these steps:

Navigate to the [**Webhooks** settings page](https://app.dub.co/webhooks) in your Dub workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/create-webhook.png" alt="Create Webhook" />
</Frame>

Click on **Create Webhook** to create a new webhook.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/create-webhook-form.png" alt="Create Webhook Form" />
</Frame>

Fill in the required fields in the webhook creation form:

1. **Name**: Give your webhook a name that helps you identify it.
2. **URL**: Enter the URL of the endpoint where you want to send the webhook. We recommend using [webhook.site](https://webhook.site/) to test your webhook.
3. **Signing secret**: This is an auto-generated secret key that you can use to verify the authenticity of the webhook in your application. Learn more about [verifying webhook requests](/concepts/webhooks/verify-webhook-requests).
4. **Events**: Select the events you want to listen to. You can select multiple events. Refer to the [Event Types](/concepts/webhooks/event-types) section to see the list of available events.

Finally, click on **Create webhook** to create the webhook.

## Viewing webhook event logs

We also provide you with a webhook event logs page where you can view all the webhook events that have been sent to your webhook endpoint in real-time.

To view the webhook event logs, select the webhook from the [**Webhooks** settings page](https://app.dub.co/webhooks) and click on the **Webhook Logs** tab.

Here, you'll see a list of all the webhook events that have been sent to your webhook endpoint:

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/webhook-event-logs.png" alt="Webhook Event Logs" />
</Frame>

You can also select on a specific event, which will open up a sheet with more details about the event:

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/webhook-event-logs-details.png" alt="Webhook Event Logs Details" />
</Frame>

## Sending test events

You can send test events to your webhook URL to ensure that it's working correctly. To do this:

<Steps>
  <Step title="Go to the webhook details page">
    Navigate to the [**Webhooks** settings page](https://app.dub.co/webhooks) and select the webhook you want to test.

    Click on the **Update Details** tab to open the webhook details page.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Open the test event modal">
    Select the `⋮` icon on the top right of the page, and click on **Send test event**.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/send-test-event.png" alt="Send Test Event" />
    </Frame>

    This will open up a modal where you can select the event you want to send.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/send-test-event-modal.png" alt="Send Test Event Modal" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Send the test event">
    Select the event you want to send, and click on **Send test webhook**.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/send-test-webhook.png" alt="Send Test Webhook" />
    </Frame>

    You'll see a success message and receive the webhook event in the webhook endpoint you specified.
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Retry Behaviour

If your webhook endpoint does not respond with a success status code (2XX), we retry the request to ensure every message will be delivered. You can see all the retry attempts in your webhook event logs.

Webhooks are retried until they are successfully delivered – with an exponential backoff to avoid overwhelming your webhook endpoint (also known as the "[thundering herd problem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thundering_herd_problem)"). The delay is capped at 24 hours from the 5th retry attempt onwards.

| Retry attempt | Delay    |
| ------------- | -------- |
| 1st           | 12s      |
| 2nd           | 2m 28s   |
| 3rd           | 30m 8s   |
| 4th           | 6h 7m 6s |
| 5th           | 24h      |
| 6th           | 24h      |
| ...           | ...      |

### Temporary Disablement

If a webhook endpoint consistently fails, it will be automatically disabled after a series of failed attempts.

Notifications will be sent to the Workspace owners at the following intervals:

* After 5, 10, and 15 consecutive failed attempts.
* On the 20th consecutive failed attempt, the **webhook will be disabled**.

This mechanism ensures that non-responsive endpoints do not continue to receive retry attempts indefinitely, maintaining system efficiency and preventing unnecessary load on both the sender and receiver.

You can re-enable a disabled webhook by clicking on the **Enable webhook** button in the webhook details page.


# Verify webhook requests
Source: https://dub.co/docs/concepts/webhooks/verify-webhook-requests

Learn how to verify webhook requests to ensure they're coming from Dub.

With signature verification, you can determine if the webhook came from Dub, and has not been tampered with in transit.

All webhooks are delivered with a `Dub-Signature` header. Dub generates this header using a secret key that only you and Dub know.

An example header looks like this:

```
Dub-Signature: c9ed6a2abf93f59d761eea69908d8de00f4437b5b6d7cd8b9bf5719cbe61bf46
```

## Finding your webhook's signing secret

You can find your webhook's signing secret in the **Update Details** tab:

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/webhook-signing-secret.png" alt="Webhook signing secret" />
</Frame>

Make sure to keep this secret safe by only storing it in a secure environment variable (e.g. `DUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET`). Do not commit it to git or add it in any client-side code.

## Verifying a webhook request

To verify, you can use the secret key to generate your own signature for each webhook. If both signatures match then you can be sure that a received event came from Dub.

The steps required are:

1. Get the raw body of the request.
2. Extract the signature from the `Dub-Signature` header.
3. Calculate the HMAC of the raw body using the `SHA-256` hash function and the secret.
4. Compare the calculated `HMAC` with the one sent in the `Dub-Signature` header. If they match, the webhook is verified.

Here's an example of how you can verify a webhook request in different languages:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Next.js
  export const POST = async (req: Request) => {
    const webhookSignature = req.headers.get("Dub-Signature");
    if (!webhookSignature) {
      return new Response("No signature provided.", { status: 401 });
    }

    // Copy this from the webhook details page
    const secret = process.env.DUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET;
    if (!secret) {
      return new Response("No secret provided.", { status: 401 });
    }

    // Make sure to get the raw body from the request
    const rawBody = await req.text();

    const computedSignature = crypto
      .createHmac("sha256", secret)
      .update(rawBody)
      .digest("hex");

    if (webhookSignature !== computedSignature) {
      return new Response("Invalid signature", { status: 400 });
    }

    // Handle the webhook event
    // ...
  };
  ```

  ```python Python
  import hmac
  import hashlib

  def webhook():
      # Get the signature from the header
      webhook_signature = request.headers.get('Dub-Signature')
      if not webhook_signature:
          abort(401, 'No signature provided.')

      # Copy this from the webhook details page
      secret = os.environ.get('DUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET')
      if not secret:
          abort(401, 'No secret provided.')

      # Get the raw body of the request
      raw_body = request.data

      # Calculate the HMAC
      computed_signature = hmac.new(
          secret.encode('utf-8'),
          raw_body,
          hashlib.sha256
      ).hexdigest()

      if webhook_signature != computed_signature:
          abort(400, 'Invalid signature')

      # Handle the webhook event
      # ...

      return 'OK', 200
  ```

  ```go Go

  import (
  	"crypto/hmac"
  	"crypto/sha256"
  	"encoding/hex"
  	"io/ioutil"
  	"net/http"
  	"os"
  )

  func webhookHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
  	// Get the signature from the header
  	webhookSignature := r.Header.Get("Dub-Signature")
  	if webhookSignature == "" {
  		http.Error(w, "No signature provided.", http.StatusUnauthorized)
  		return
  	}

  	// Copy this from the webhook details page
  	secret := os.Getenv("DUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET")
  	if secret == "" {
  		http.Error(w, "No secret provided.", http.StatusUnauthorized)
  		return
  	}

  	// Read the raw body
  	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
  	if err != nil {
  		http.Error(w, "Error reading request body", http.StatusInternalServerError)
  		return
  	}

  	// Calculate the HMAC
  	h := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret))
  	h.Write(body)
  	computedSignature := hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))

  	if webhookSignature != computedSignature {
  		http.Error(w, "Invalid signature", http.StatusBadRequest)
  		return
  	}

  	// Handle the webhook event
  	// ...

  	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
  	w.Write([]byte("OK"))
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Why is signature verification important?

Signature verification is a crucial security measure that protects against request forgery and data tampering. Without verification, malicious actors could send fake webhook events to your endpoint, potentially triggering unauthorized actions.

The HMAC-SHA256 signature verification process ensures that only Dub can generate valid webhook requests and that payloads haven't been modified in transit. This provides both authentication (confirming the sender is Dub) and integrity (ensuring the message hasn't been tampered with).


# Appwrite
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/appwrite

Learn how to track lead conversion events with Appwrite and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `lead` event happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking new user sign-ups for a SaaS application that uses Appwrite for user authentication.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

## Configure Appwrite

Next, configure Appwrite to track lead conversion events during the sign up process.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create an Appwrite Cloud project">
    Head to [Appwrite Cloud](https://apwr.dev/appwrite-dub) and create a new project.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/appwrite/appwrite-new-project.png" alt="New project on Appwrite Cloud" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>

    Create a new API key with the `sessions.write` scope enabled and save the API key for later use. You can also copy your project ID and endpoint from the project's Settings page.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/appwrite/appwrite-api-key.png" alt="API key in your project on Appwrite Cloud" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>

    Then, in your Next.js app, install the Appwrite Node.js SDK.

    ```bash
    npm i node-appwrite
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Add environment variables">
    Add the following environment variables to your app.

    ```bash
    NEXT_PUBLIC_APPWRITE_ENDPOINT=https://cloud.appwrite.io/v1
    NEXT_PUBLIC_APPWRITE_PROJECT=<APPWRITE_PROJECT_ID>
    NEXT_APPWRITE_KEY=<APPWRITE_API_KEY>
    NEXT_DUB_API_KEY=<DUB_API_KEY>
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Integrate Dub Analytics">
    Add the `DubAnalytics` component from the `@dub/analytics` package to your app’s root layout.

    ```tsx src/app/layout.tsx
    import type { Metadata } from 'next';
    import { Analytics as DubAnalytics } from '@dub/analytics/react';

    export const metadata: Metadata = {
      title: 'Appwrite Dub Leads Example',
      description: 'Appwrite Dub Leads Tracking example app with Next.js'
    };

    export default function RootLayout({
      children
    }: Readonly<{
      children: React.ReactNode;
    }>) {
      return (
        <html lang="en">
          <body>{children}</body>
          <DubAnalytics />
        </html>
      );
    }
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Prepare the Appwrite client and auth library">
    Create the Appwrite Session and Admin client (necessary for SSR apps, as explained in the [Appwrite docs](https://appwrite.io/docs/products/auth/server-side-rendering)). Additionally, create a function to verify user login.

    ```ts src/lib/server/appwrite.ts
    'use server';
    import { Client, Account } from 'node-appwrite';
    import { cookies } from 'next/headers';

    export async function createSessionClient() {
      const client = new Client()
        .setEndpoint(process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_APPWRITE_ENDPOINT as string)
        .setProject(process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_APPWRITE_PROJECT as string);

      const session = (await cookies()).get('my-custom-session');
      if (!session || !session.value) {
        throw new Error('No session');
      }

      client.setSession(session.value);

      return {
        get account() {
          return new Account(client);
        }
      };
    }

    export async function createAdminClient() {
      const client = new Client()
        .setEndpoint(process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_APPWRITE_ENDPOINT as string)
        .setProject(process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_APPWRITE_PROJECT as string)
        .setKey(process.env.NEXT_APPWRITE_KEY as string);

      return {
        get account() {
          return new Account(client);
        }
      };
    }
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up Dub SDK">
    Create the Dub client and send leads to Dub using the `dub.track.lead()` function.

    ```ts src/lib/server/dub.ts
    import type { Models } from 'node-appwrite';
    import { Dub } from 'dub';

    const dub = new Dub({
      token: process.env.NEXT_DUB_API_KEY
    });

    export function addDubLead(user: Models.User<Models.Preferences>, dub_id: string) {
      dub.track.lead({
        clickId: dub_id,
        eventName: 'Sign Up',
        customerExternalId: user.$id,
        customerName: user.name,
        customerEmail: user.email
      });
    }
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Send leads to Dub on user signup">
    In the `/auth` page, use the Appwrite Admin client to allow users to sign up. Post sign up, check if the `dub_id` cookie is present, send a lead event to Dub if found, and delete the `dub_id` cookie.

    ```tsx src/app/auth/page.tsx
    import { ID } from 'node-appwrite';
    import { createAdminClient, getLoggedInUser } from '@/lib/server/appwrite';
    import { cookies } from 'next/headers';
    import { redirect } from 'next/navigation';
    import { addDubLead } from '@/lib/server/dub';

    async function signUpWithEmail(formData: any) {
      'use server';

      // Get sign up info from form
      const email = formData.get('email');
      const password = formData.get('password');
      const name = formData.get('name');

      // Create account and session using Appwrite
      const { account } = await createAdminClient();

      const user = await account.create(ID.unique(), email, password, name);
      const session = await account.createEmailPasswordSession(email, password);

      (await cookies()).set('my-custom-session', session.secret, {
        path: '/',
        httpOnly: true,
        sameSite: 'strict',
        secure: true
      });

      // Check if Dub ID is present in cookies and track lead if found
      const dub_id = (await cookies()).get('dub_id')?.value;
      if (dub_id) {
        addDubLead(user, dub_id);
        (await cookies()).delete('dub_id');
      }

      // Redirect to success page
      redirect('/auth/success');
    }

    export default async function SignUpPage() {

      // Verify active user session and redirect to success page if found
      const user = await getLoggedInUser();
      if (user) redirect('/auth/success');

      return (
        <>
          <form action={signUpWithEmail}>
            <input id="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" type="email" required />
            <input id="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" minLength={8} type="password" required />
            <input id="name" name="name" placeholder="Name" type="text" required />
            <button type="submit">Sign up</button>
          </form>
        </>
      );
    }
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

Here's the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                              |
| :------------------- | :------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `clickId`            | **Yes**  | The unique `dub_id` parameter that the lead conversion event is attributed to.                                           |
| `eventName`          | **Yes**  | The name of the event. Example: "Sign up".                                                                               |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer. |
| `customerEmail`      | No       | The email address of the customer. If not passed, a random email address will be generated.                              |
| `customerName`       | No       | The name of the customer. If not passed, a random name will be generated (e.g. "Big Red Caribou").                       |
| `customerAvatar`     | No       | The avatar URL of the customer. If not passed, a random avatar URL will be generated.                                    |

## Example App

To learn more about how to track leads with Appwrite, check out the following example app:

<Card title="Appwrite + Dub Next.js  Example" icon="github" href="https://github.com/appwrite-community/appwrite-dub-next">
  See how to track new user sign-ups with Appwrite and the Dub SDK.
</Card>

## View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# Auth0
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/auth0

Learn how to track lead conversion events with Auth0 and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `lead` event happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking new user sign-ups for a SaaS application that uses Auth0 for user authentication.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

## Configure Auth0

Next, configure Auth0 to track lead conversion events.

Here's how it works in a nutshell:

1. In the sign in `afterCallback` function, check if the user is a new sign up.
2. If the user is a new sign up, check if the `dub_id` cookie is present.
3. If the `dub_id` cookie is present, send a lead event to Dub using `dub.track.lead`
4. Delete the `dub_id` cookie.

```typescript app/api/auth/[auth0]/route.js
import { handleAuth, handleCallback, type Session } from "@auth0/nextjs-auth0";
import { cookies } from "next/headers";
import { dub } from "@/lib/dub";

const afterCallback = async (req: Request, session: Session) => {
  const userExists = await getUser(session.user.email);

  if (!userExists) {
    createUser(session.user);
    // check if dub_id cookie is present
    const clickId = cookies().get("dub_id")?.value;
    if (clickId) {
      // send lead event to Dub
      await dub.track.lead({
        clickId,
        eventName: "Sign Up",
        customerExternalId: session.user.id,
        customerName: session.user.name,
        customerEmail: session.user.email,
        customerAvatar: session.user.image,
      });
      // delete the dub_id cookie
      cookies().set("dub_id", "", {
        expires: new Date(0),
      });
    }
    return session;
  }
};

export default handleAuth({
  callback: handleCallback({ afterCallback }),
});
```

Here's the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                              |
| :------------------- | :------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `clickId`            | **Yes**  | The unique `dub_id` parameter that the lead conversion event is attributed to.                                           |
| `eventName`          | **Yes**  | The name of the event. Example: "Sign up".                                                                               |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer. |
| `customerEmail`      | No       | The email address of the customer. If not passed, a random email address will be generated.                              |
| `customerName`       | No       | The name of the customer. If not passed, a random name will be generated (e.g. "Big Red Caribou").                       |
| `customerAvatar`     | No       | The avatar URL of the customer. If not passed, a random avatar URL will be generated.                                    |

## View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# Better Auth
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/better-auth

Learn how to track lead conversion events with Better Auth and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `lead` event happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking new user sign-ups for a SaaS application that uses Better Auth for user authentication.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

## Installation

<Steps>
  <Step title="Install the @dub/better-auth plugin">
    To get started, simply install the [`@dub/better-auth` plugin](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@dub/better-auth) via your preferred package manager:

    <CodeGroup>
      ```bash npm
      npm install @dub/better-auth
      ```

      ```bash yarn
      yarn add @dub/better-auth
      ```

      ```bash pnpm
      pnpm add @dub/better-auth
      ```

      ```bash bun
      bun add @dub/better-auth
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Configure the plugin">
    Then, add the plugin to your better-auth config file:

    ```ts auth.ts
    import { dubAnalytics } from "@dub/better-auth";
    import { betterAuth } from "better-auth";
    import { Dub } from "dub";

    const dub = new Dub();

    export const auth = betterAuth({
      plugins: [
        dubAnalytics({
          dubClient: dub,
        }),
      ],
    });
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

## View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# Clerk
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/clerk

Learn how to track lead conversion events with Clerk and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `lead` event happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking new user sign-ups for a SaaS application that uses Clerk for user authentication.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

## Configure Clerk

Next, configure Clerk to track lead conversion events when a new user signs up. Here's a quick video showing how to do this:

<iframe width="100%" height="469px" className="rounded-xl" src="https://www.loom.com/embed/7338589f0c0c4ee1b71c9f2aa28aac87?sid=04c67f3b-1bec-468a-b0c7-5b24d24cd96e" title="Loom video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen />

Here's a quick summary of the steps:

<Steps>
  <Step title="Add environment variables">
    Add the following environment variables to your app:

    ```bash
    # get it here: https://dashboard.clerk.com/apps/new
    NEXT_PUBLIC_CLERK_PUBLISHABLE_KEY=your_publishable_key
    CLERK_SECRET_KEY=your_secret_key

    # get it here: https://d.to/tokens
    DUB_API_KEY=your_api_key
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Add a custom claim to your Clerk session token">
    Add the following JSON as a [custom claim](https://clerk.com/docs/references/nextjs/add-onboarding-flow#add-custom-claims-to-your-session-token) to your Clerk session token:

    ```json Clerk Session Token
    {
      "metadata": "{{user.public_metadata}}"
    }
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Extend the `@dub/analytics` package with Clerk's `useUser` hook">
    Extend the [`@dub/analytics` package](/sdks/client-side/introduction) to include a `trackLead` server action.

    ```tsx components/dub-analytics.tsx
    "use client";

    import { trackLead } from "@/actions/track-lead";
    import { useUser } from "@clerk/nextjs";
    import { Analytics, AnalyticsProps } from "@dub/analytics/react";
    import { useEffect } from "react";

    export function DubAnalytics(props: AnalyticsProps) {
      const { user } = useUser();

      useEffect(() => {
        if (!user || user.publicMetadata.dubClickId) return;

        // if the user is loaded but hasn't been persisted to Dub yet, track the lead event
        trackLead({
          id: user.id,
          name: user.fullName!,
          email: user.primaryEmailAddress?.emailAddress,
          avatar: user.imageUrl,
        }).then(async (res) => {
          if (res.ok) await user.reload();
          else console.error(res.error);
        });

        // you can also use an API route instead of a server action
        /*
        fetch("/api/track-lead", {
          method: "POST",
          body: JSON.stringify({
            id: user.id,
            name: user.fullName,
            email: user.primaryEmailAddress?.emailAddress,
            avatar: user.imageUrl,
          }),
        }).then(res => {
          if (res.ok) await user.reload();
          else console.error(res.statusText);
        });
        */
      }, [user]);

      return <Analytics {...props} />;
    }
    ```

    Then, add the `DubAnalytics` component to your app's root layout component:

    ```tsx app/layout.tsx
    import { DubAnalytics } from "@/components/dub-analytics";

    export default function RootLayout({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
      return (
        <html>
          <body>
            <DubAnalytics />
            {children}
          </body>
        </html>
      );
    }
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Implement the `trackLead` server action">
    On the server side, implement the `trackLead` server action. Alternatively, you can also create an API route instead:

    <CodeGroup>
      ```tsx /actions/track-lead.ts
      // This is a server action
      "use server";

      import { dub } from "@/lib/dub";
      import { clerkClient } from "@clerk/nextjs/server";
      import { cookies } from "next/headers";

      export async function trackLead({
        id,
        name,
        email,
        avatar,
      }: {
        id: string;
        name?: string | null;
        email?: string | null;
        avatar?: string | null;
      }) {
        try {
          const cookieStore = await cookies();
          const dubId = cookieStore.get("dub_id")?.value;

          if (dubId) {
            // Send lead event to Dub
            await dub.track.lead({
              clickId: dubId,
              eventName: "Sign Up",
              customerExternalId: id,
              customerName: name,
              customerEmail: email,
              customerAvatar: avatar,
            });

            // Delete the dub_id cookie
            cookieStore.set("dub_id", "", {
              expires: new Date(0),
            });
          }

          const clerk = await clerkClient();
          await clerk.users.updateUser(id, {
            publicMetadata: {
              dubClickId: dubId || "n/a",
            },
          });

          return { ok: true };
        } catch (error) {
          console.error("Error in trackLead:", error);
          return { ok: false, error: (error as Error).message };
        }
      }
      ```

      ```tsx /api/track-lead/route.ts
      // This is an API route
      import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";

      export async function POST(req: NextRequest) {
        // read dub_id from the request cookies
        const dubId = req.cookies.get("dub_id")?.value;
        if (dubId) {
          // Send lead event to Dub
          await dub.track.lead({
            clickId: dubId,
            eventName: "Sign Up",
            customerExternalId: id,
            customerName: name,
            customerEmail: email,
            customerAvatar: avatar,
          });
        }

        const clerk = await clerkClient();
        await clerk.users.updateUser(id, {
          publicMetadata: {
            dubClickId: dubId || "n/a",
          },
        });
        const res = NextResponse.json({ ok: true });
        // Delete the dub_id cookie
        res.cookies.set("dub_id", "", {
          expires: new Date(0),
        });
        return res;
      }
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Step>
</Steps>

Here's the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                              |
| :------------------- | :------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `clickId`            | **Yes**  | The unique `dub_id` parameter that the lead conversion event is attributed to.                                           |
| `eventName`          | **Yes**  | The name of the event. Example: "Sign up".                                                                               |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer. |
| `customerEmail`      | No       | The email address of the customer. If not passed, a random email address will be generated.                              |
| `customerName`       | No       | The name of the customer. If not passed, a random name will be generated (e.g. "Big Red Caribou").                       |
| `customerAvatar`     | No       | The avatar URL of the customer. If not passed, a random avatar URL will be generated.                                    |

## Example App

To learn more about how to track leads with Clerk, check out the following example app:

<Card title="Dub + Clerk Example App" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/conversions/clerk">
  See how to track new user sign-ups with Clerk and the Dub SDK.
</Card>

## View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/introduction

Learn how to track lead conversion events with Dub Conversions

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `lead` event happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking new user sign-ups for a SaaS application as lead events on Dub.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

## Configure lead tracking

Depending on which authentication framework you're using, we have a few pre-built guides to help you track lead events when a new user signs up for your SaaS application:

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="Clerk" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/clerk" horizontal />

  <Card title="Better Auth" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/better-auth" horizontal />

  <Card title="NextAuth.js" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/next-auth" horizontal />

  <Card title="Supabase" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/supabase" horizontal />

  <Card title="Auth0" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/auth0" horizontal />

  <Card title="Appwrite" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/appwrite" horizontal />
</CardGroup>

<Tip>
  If you're using the [Remix framework](https://remix.run/), you might run into an [issue](https://github.com/remix-run/remix/discussions/7922) where you get an empty/null value for the `dub_id` cookie. In that case, try using a library like [`cookie`](https://github.com/jshttp/cookie) instead:

  ```typescript
  import cookie from "cookie";

  const cookies = cookie.parse(request.headers.get("cookie") ?? "");
  const dubId = cookies.dub_id;
  ```
</Tip>

If you're not using any of the frameworks listed above, you can use the following steps to track lead events:

1. Within the sign-up API request, retrieve the `dub_id` cookie that was created by the [`@dub/analytics` client-SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction).
2. Send an event to the Dub API with the `dub_id` value, as well as your customer's ID and any other relevant information (email, name, avatar, etc.)

<Tip>
  If you don't have a customer ID, you can also use the customer's `email`
  instead.
</Tip>

## Code examples

Here are some examples of how you can track lead events using our [native SDKs](/sdks/overview):

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  const dub = new Dub();

  const dubId = req.cookies["dub_id"];
  if (dubId) {
    await dub.track.lead({
      clickId: dubId,
      eventName: "Sign Up",
      customerExternalId: customer.id,
      customerName: customer.name,
      customerEmail: customer.email,
      customerAvatar: customer.avatar,
    });
    // delete the dub_id cookie
    res.cookies.set("dub_id", "", {
      expires: new Date(0),
    });
  }
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub
  import os

  dub = Dub(token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'])

  dub_id = request.cookies.get('dub_id')
  if dub_id:
      dub.track.lead({
          'click_id': dub_id,
          'event_name': 'Sign Up',
          'external_id': customer.id,
          'customer_name': customer.name,
          'customer_email': customer.email,
          'customer_avatar': customer.avatar
      })
      # delete the dub_id cookie
      response.delete_cookie('dub_id')
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import (
      "context"
      dub "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "net/http"
  )

  d := dub.New(
      dub.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
  )

  dubId, err := r.Cookie("dub_id")
  if err == nil {
      _, err = d.Track.Lead(context.Background(), &operations.TrackLeadRequest{
          ClickId:         dubId.Value,
          EventName:       "Sign Up",
          customerExternalId:      customer.ID,
          CustomerName:    customer.Name,
          CustomerEmail:   customer.Email,
          CustomerAvatar:  customer.Avatar,
      })
      // delete the dub_id cookie
      http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
          Name:    "dub_id",
          Value:   "",
          Expires: time.Unix(0, 0),
      })
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  dub = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  dub.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: ENV['DUB_API_KEY']
    )
  )

  dub_id = cookies[:dub_id]
  if dub_id
    req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::TrackLeadRequest.new(
      click_id: dub_id,
      event_name: 'Sign Up',
      external_id: customer.id,
      customer_name: customer.name,
      customer_email: customer.email,
      customer_avatar: customer.avatar
    )
    dub.track.lead(req)
    # delete the dub_id cookie
    cookies.delete(:dub_id)
  end
  ```

  ```php PHP
  <?php

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub\Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $dub = Dub::builder()->setSecurity($_ENV["DUB_API_KEY"])->build();

  $dubId = $_COOKIE['dub_id'] ?? null;
  if ($dubId) {
      $request = new Operations\TrackLeadRequest();
      $request->clickId = $dubId;
      $request->eventName = 'Sign Up';
      $request->customerExternalId = $customer->id;
      $request->customerName = $customer->name;
      $request->customerEmail = $customer->email;
      $request->customerAvatar = $customer->avatar;

      $dub->track->lead($request);
      // delete the dub_id cookie
      setcookie('dub_id', '', time() - 3600);
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Here's the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                              |
| :------------------- | :------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `clickId`            | **Yes**  | The unique `dub_id` parameter that the lead conversion event is attributed to.                                           |
| `eventName`          | **Yes**  | The name of the event. Example: "Sign up".                                                                               |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer. |
| `customerEmail`      | No       | The email address of the customer. If not passed, a random email address will be generated.                              |
| `customerName`       | No       | The name of the customer. If not passed, a random name will be generated (e.g. "Big Red Caribou").                       |
| `customerAvatar`     | No       | The avatar URL of the customer. If not passed, a random avatar URL will be generated.                                    |

## View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# NextAuth.js
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/next-auth

Learn how to track lead conversion events with NextAuth.js and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `lead` event happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking new user sign-ups for a SaaS application that uses NextAuth.js for user authentication.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

## Configure NextAuth.js Options

Then, set up your NextAuth.js configuration options to track lead conversion events using the `dub` TypeScript SDK.

Here's how it works in a nutshell:

1. Use NextAuth's [`signIn` event](https://next-auth.js.org/configuration/events#signin) to detect when there's a new sign up.
2. If the user is a new sign up, check if the `dub_id` cookie is present.
3. If the `dub_id` cookie is present, send a lead event to Dub using `dub.track.lead`
4. Delete the `dub_id` cookie.

Under the hood, Dub records the user as a customer and associates them with the click event that they came from. The user's unique ID is now the source of truth for all future events – hence why we don't need the `dub_id` cookie anymore.

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript App Router
  // app/api/auth/[...nextauth]/options.ts
  import type { NextAuthOptions } from "next-auth";
  import { cookies } from "next/headers";
  import { dub } from "@/lib/dub";

  export const authOptions: NextAuthOptions = {
    ...otherAuthOptions, // your other NextAuth options
    events: {
      async signIn(message) {
        // if it's a new sign up
        if (message.isNewUser) {
          const cookieStore = await cookies();
          // check if dub_id cookie is present
          const dub_id = cookieStore.get("dub_id")?.value;
          if (dub_id) {
            // send lead event to Dub
            await dub.track.lead({
              clickId: dub_id,
              eventName: "Sign Up",
              customerExternalId: user.id,
              customerName: user.name,
              customerEmail: user.email,
              customerAvatar: user.image,
            });
            // delete the cookies
            cookieStore.delete("dub_id");
            cookieStore.delete("dub_partner_data");
          }
        }
      },
    },
  };
  ```

  ```typescript Pages Router
  // pages/api/auth/[...nextauth]/options.ts
  import type { NextApiRequest } from "next";
  import type { NextAuthOptions } from "next-auth";
  import { dub } from "@/lib/dub";

  export const getOptions = (req: NextApiRequest): NextAuthOptions => ({
    ...otherAuthOptions, // your other NextAuth options
    events: {
      async signIn(message) {
        // if it's a new sign up
        if (message.isNewUser) {
          // check if dub_id cookie is present
          const { dub_id } = req.cookies;
          if (dub_id) {
            // send lead event to Dub
            await dub.track.lead({
              clickId: dub_id,
              eventName: "Sign Up",
              customerExternalId: user.id,
              customerName: user.name,
              customerEmail: user.email,
              customerAvatar: user.image,
            });
          }
        }
      },
    },
  });
  ```
</CodeGroup>

<Tip>
  In NextAuth.js, the `isNewUser` flag will [only be available if you're using
  `next-auth`'s database
  implementation](https://next-auth.js.org/configuration/options#callbacks)
  (otherwise it'll return `undefined`). In that case, you should move the logic
  above to the [`signIn`
  `callback`](https://next-auth.js.org/configuration/callbacks) instead.
</Tip>

Here's the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                              |
| :------------------- | :------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `clickId`            | **Yes**  | The unique `dub_id` parameter that the lead conversion event is attributed to.                                           |
| `eventName`          | **Yes**  | The name of the event. Example: "Sign up".                                                                               |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer. |
| `customerEmail`      | No       | The email address of the customer. If not passed, a random email address will be generated.                              |
| `customerName`       | No       | The name of the customer. If not passed, a random name will be generated (e.g. "Big Red Caribou").                       |
| `customerAvatar`     | No       | The avatar URL of the customer. If not passed, a random avatar URL will be generated.                                    |

## Create a NextAuth.js Route Handler

Finally, import the `authOptions` variable you created earlier and use `NextAuth` to create a handler for your NextAuth.js routes.

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript App Router
  // app/api/auth/[...nextauth]/index.ts
  import { authOptions } from "./options";
  import NextAuth from "next-auth";

  const handler = NextAuth(authOptions);

  export { handler as GET, handler as POST };
  ```

  ```typescript Pages Router
  // pages/api/auth/[...nextauth]/index.ts
  import type { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from "next";
  import NextAuth from "next-auth";
  import { getOptions } from "./options";

  const handler = (req: NextApiRequest, res: NextApiResponse) =>
    NextAuth(req, res, getOptions(req));

  export default handler;
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# Segment
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/segment

Learn how to track lead conversion events with Segment and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `lead` event happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking new user sign-ups for a SaaS application that uses Segment to collect customer data.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)

## Configure Segment Action

Next, configure [Segment Dub (Actions)](https://app.segment.com/goto-my-workspace/destinations/catalog/actions-dub) to track lead conversion events.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Add Dub (Actions) destination">
    Head to [Segment Dub (Actions)](https://app.segment.com/goto-my-workspace/destinations/catalog/actions-dub) and add the destination to your Segment workspace.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/segment/segment-actions.png" alt="Segment Dub (Actions) destination" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Configure Dub API Key">
    In the Dub (Actions) destination settings, fill out the following fields:

    * **Name:** Enter a name to help you identify this destination in Segment.
    * **API Key:** Enter your Dub API key. You can find this in the [Dub Dashboard](https://app.dub.co/settings/tokens).
    * **Enable Destination:** Toggle this on to allow Segment to send data to Dub.

    Once completed, click **Save Changes**.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/segment/segment-basic-settings.png" alt="Segment Dub (Actions) Basic Settings" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Add Mapping">
    Next, you’ll choose the **Track a lead** action from the list of available actions.

    By default, this action is configured to send lead data to Dub when the **Event Name** is **Sign Up**.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/segment/segment-track-lead-action.png" alt="Segment Dub (Actions) Mapping" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>

    Below the selected action, you’ll see the mapping for that action.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/segment/segment-track-lead-mapping.png" alt="Segment Dub (Actions) Mapping" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>

    You can customize the trigger and mapping to fit the specific needs of your application.

    Finally, click **Next** and then **Save and enable** to add the mapping to the destination.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Send lead events to Dub">
    On the server side, you’ll use the `@segment/analytics-node` SDK to send lead events to Segment.

    Make sure to include relevant user traits such as `name`, `email`, and `clickId` in the payload.

    You’ll also need to ensure that the `clickId` field is properly mapped in your Segment Actions destination so that it’s forwarded correctly to Dub.

    ```tsx
    import { Analytics } from "@segment/analytics-node";

    const segment = new Analytics({
      writeKey: "<YOUR_SEGMENT_WRITE_KEY>",
    });

    const cookieStore = await cookies();
    const clickId = cookieStore.get("dub_id")?.value;

    segment.track({
      userId: id,
      event: "Sign Up",
      context: {
        traits: {
          name,
          email,
          avatar,
          clickId,
        },
      },
      integrations: {
        All: true,
      },
    });
    ```

    Once the event is tracked, Segment will forward the lead data to Dub based on the mappings you’ve configured.
  </Step>
</Steps>

Here's the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                              |
| :------------------- | :------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `clickId`            | **Yes**  | The unique `dub_id` parameter that the lead conversion event is attributed to.                                           |
| `eventName`          | **Yes**  | The name of the event. Example: "Sign up".                                                                               |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer. |
| `customerEmail`      | No       | The email address of the customer. If not passed, a random email address will be generated.                              |
| `customerName`       | No       | The name of the customer. If not passed, a random name will be generated (e.g. "Big Red Caribou").                       |
| `customerAvatar`     | No       | The avatar URL of the customer. If not passed, a random avatar URL will be generated.                                    |

## Example App

To learn more about how to track leads with Segment, check out the following example app:

<Card title="Segment + Next.js App Router Example" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/blob/main/conversions/segment/actions/track-lead.ts">
  Next.js app using Segment to track new user sign-ups.
</Card>

## View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# Supabase
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/supabase

Learn how to track lead conversion events with Supabase and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `lead` event happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking new user sign-ups for a SaaS application that uses Supabase for user authentication.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

## Configure Supabase

Next, configure Supabase to track lead conversion events in the auth callback function.

Here's how it works in a nutshell:

1. In the `/api/auth/callback` route, check if:
   * the `dub_id` cookie is present.
   * the user is a new sign up (created in the last 10 minutes).
2. If the `dub_id` cookie is present and the user is a new sign up, send a lead event to Dub using `dub.track.lead`
3. Delete the `dub_id` cookie.

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript Next.js App Router
  // app/api/auth/callback/route.ts
  import { cookies } from "next/headers";
  import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
  import { createClient } from "@/lib/supabase/server";
  import { waitUntil } from "@vercel/functions";
  import { dub } from "@/lib/dub";

  export async function GET(request: Request) {
    const { searchParams, origin } = new URL(request.url);
    const code = searchParams.get("code");
    // if "next" is in param, use it as the redirect URL
    const next = searchParams.get("next") ?? "/";

    if (code) {
      const supabase = createClient(cookies());
      const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.exchangeCodeForSession(code);
      if (!error) {
        const { user } = data;
        const dub_id = cookies().get("dub_id")?.value;
        // if the user is created in the last 10 minutes, consider them new
        const isNewUser =
          new Date(user.created_at) > new Date(Date.now() - 10 * 60 * 1000);
        // if the user is new and has a dub_id cookie, track the lead
        if (dub_id && isNewUser) {
          waitUntil(
            dub.track.lead({
              clickId: dub_id,
              eventName: "Sign Up",
              customerExternalId: user.id,
              customerName: user.user_metadata.name,
              customerEmail: user.email,
              customerAvatar: user.user_metadata.avatar_url,
            })
          );
          // delete the clickId cookie
          cookies().delete("dub_id");
        }
        return NextResponse.redirect(`${origin}${next}`);
      }
    }

    // return the user to an error page with instructions
    return NextResponse.redirect(`${origin}/auth/auth-code-error`);
  }
  ```

  ```typescript Next.js Pages Router
  // pages/api/auth/callback.ts
  import { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from "next";
  import { createClient } from "@supabase/supabase-js";
  import { dub } from "@/lib/dub";

  export default async function handler(
    req: NextApiRequest,
    res: NextApiResponse
  ) {
    const { code, next = "/" } = req.query;
    const origin = `${req.headers["x-forwarded-proto"]}://${req.headers.host}`;

    if (typeof code === "string") {
      const supabase = createClient(
        process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL!,
        process.env.SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY!
      );

      const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.exchangeCodeForSession(code);

      if (!error) {
        const { user } = data;
        const { dub_id } = req.cookies;

        // if the user is created in the last 10 minutes, consider them new
        const isNewUser =
          new Date(user.created_at) > new Date(Date.now() - 10 * 60 * 1000);

        // if the user is new and has a dub_id cookie, track the lead
        if (dub_id && isNewUser) {
          dub.track
            .lead({
              clickId: dub_id,
              eventName: "Sign Up",
              customerExternalId: user.id,
              customerName: user.user_metadata.name,
              customerEmail: user.email,
              customerAvatar: user.user_metadata.avatar_url,
            })
            .catch(console.error); // Handle any errors in tracking

          // delete the clickId cookie
          res.setHeader(
            "Set-Cookie",
            `dub_id=; Path=/; Expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT`
          );
        }

        return res.redirect(`${origin}${next}`);
      }
    }

    // return the user to an error page with instructions
    return res.redirect(`${origin}/auth/auth-code-error`);
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Here's the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                              |
| :------------------- | :------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `clickId`            | **Yes**  | The unique `dub_id` parameter that the lead conversion event is attributed to.                                           |
| `eventName`          | **Yes**  | The name of the event. Example: "Sign up".                                                                               |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer. |
| `customerEmail`      | No       | The email address of the customer. If not passed, a random email address will be generated.                              |
| `customerName`       | No       | The name of the customer. If not passed, a random name will be generated (e.g. "Big Red Caribou").                       |
| `customerAvatar`     | No       | The avatar URL of the customer. If not passed, a random avatar URL will be generated.                                    |

## Example App

To learn more about how to track leads with Supabase, check out the following example app:

<Card title="Supabase + Next.js App Router Example" icon="github" href="https://github.com/steven-tey/extrapolate/blob/main/app/api/auth/callback/route.ts">
  Check out a real-world example of this in action – Extrapolate uses Supabase
  Auth and Next.js App Router to track new user sign-ups.
</Card>

## View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# Quickstart
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/quickstart

Learn how to track conversion analytics with Dub.

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

[Dub Conversions](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-conversions) is a powerful tool that lets you turn any [short link you create on Dub](https://dub.co/help/article/how-to-create-link) into a full attribution engine. This allows you to understand how well your links are translating to actual users and revenue dollars.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://assets.dub.co/blog/introducing-dub-conversions.webp" alt="Conversion analytics" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we'll walk you through the steps to get started with Dub Conversions:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the `@dub/analytics` client-side SDK](#step-2-install-the-dub-analytics-client-side-sdk)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK + track conversion events](#step-3-install-the-dub-server-side-sdk-track-conversion-events)
4. [View your conversions](#step-4-view-your-conversions)

## Step 1: Enable conversion tracking for your links

First, you'll need to enable conversion tracking for your Dub links to be able to start tracking conversions.

There are a few ways to do this:

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Option 1: On a workspace-level">
    To enable conversion tracking for all future links in a workspace, you can do the following:
    To enable conversion tracking for all future links in a workspace, you can do the following:

    1. Navigate to your [workspace's Analytics settings page](https://app.dub.co/settings/analytics).
    2. Toggle the **Workspace-level Conversion Tracking** switch to enable conversion tracking for the workspace.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/enable-conversion-tracking-workspace.png" alt="Enabling conversion tracking for a workspace" />
    </Frame>

    This option will enable conversion tracking in the [Dub Link Builder](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-link-builder) for all future links.
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Option 2: On a link-level">
    If you don't want to enable conversion tracking for all your links in a workspace, you can also opt to enable it on a link-level.

    To enable conversion tracking for a specific link, open the [Dub Link Builder](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-link-builder) for a link and toggle the **Conversion Tracking** switch.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/enable-conversion-tracking.png" alt="Enabling conversion tracking for a link" />
    </Frame>

    <Tip>
      You can also use the `C` keyboard shortcut when inside the link builder to
      quickly enable conversion tracking for a given link.
    </Tip>
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Option 3: Via the API">
    Alternatively, you can also enable conversion tracking programmatically via the [Dub API](/api-reference/introduction). All you need to do is pass `trackConversion: true` when creating or updating a link:

    <CodeGroup>
      ```javascript Node.js
      const link = await dub.links.create({
        url: "https://dub.co",
        trackConversion: true,
      });
      ```

      ```python Python
      link = d.links.create(url="https://dub.co", track_conversion=True)
      ```

      ```go Go
      link, err := d.Links.Create(ctx, &dub.CreateLinkRequest{
          URL: "https://dub.co",
          TrackConversion: true,
      })
      ```

      ```ruby Ruby
      s.links.create_many(
        ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateLinkRequest.new(
          url: "https://dub.co",
          track_conversion: true,
        )
      )
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

## Step 2: Install the `@dub/analytics` client-side SDK

Next, you'll need to install the [@dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction).

This script detects the `dub_id` query parameter and storing it as a first-party cookie, which will be used to attribute subsequent conversion events to the original link.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-click-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how click events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

You can install the `@dub/analytics` script in several different ways:

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="React" icon="react" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/react">
    Add Dub Analytics to your React app
  </Card>

  <Card title="Manual installation" icon="browser" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/manual">
    Add Dub Analytics to your website
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Framer"
    icon={
    <svg
      width="74"
      height="111"
      viewBox="0 0 74 111"
      fill="none"
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      className="w-7 h-7"
    >
      <path d="M0 0H73.8374V36.9892H36.9187L0 0Z" fill="#eb5611" />
      <path d="M0 36.989H36.9187L73.8374 73.9796H0V36.989Z" fill="#eb5611" />
      <path d="M0 73.9797H36.9187V110.97L0 73.9797Z" fill="#eb5611" />
    </svg>
  }
    href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/framer"
  >
    Add Dub Analytics to your Framer site
  </Card>

  <Card title="Shopify" icon="shopify" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/shopify">
    Add Dub Analytics to your Shopify store
  </Card>

  <Card title="WordPress" icon="wordpress" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/wordpress">
    Add Dub Analytics to your WP site
  </Card>

  <Card title="Webflow" icon="webflow" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/webflow">
    Add Dub Analytics to your Webflow site
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

<Check>
  You can **verify the installation** with the following tests:

  1. Open the browser console and type in `_dubAnalytics` – if the script is installed correctly, you should see the `_dubAnalytics` object in the console.
  2. Add the `?dub_id=test` query parameter to your website URL and make sure that the `dub_id` cookie is being set in your browser.

  If both of these checks pass, the script is installed correctly. Otherwise, please make sure:

  * The analytics script was added to the `<head>` section of the page
  * If you're using a content delivery network (CDN), make sure to purge any cached content
</Check>

## Step 3: Install the Dub server-side SDK + track conversion events

<Tip>
  If you are using Shopify, you can skip this step since our Shopify app will
  automatically track conversions for you. Read the [Shopify integration
  guide](https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/shopify) for more information.
</Tip>

Dub uses server-side event tracking to track conversions, which is more reliable than client-side tracking. Depending on which framework you're using, you can use our [native SDKs](/sdks/overview):

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="TypeScript" icon="npm" href="/sdks/typescript" horizontal>
    TypeScript library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Go" icon="golang" href="/sdks/quickstart/go" iconType="brands" horizontal>
    Go library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Python" icon="python" href="/sdks/quickstart/python" horizontal>
    Python library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Ruby" icon="gem" href="/sdks/quickstart/ruby" horizontal>
    Ruby library for the Dub API
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

If you're using a framework that isn't listed, you can use the Dub REST API to track events on the server-side:

* [`POST /track/lead`](https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-lead)
* [`POST /track/sale`](https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale)

Once you install the SDKs, you can start tracking conversion events.

### Tracking lead events

The first event you'll want to track is a `lead` event. This happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

Our most common lead event is `Sign Up`, which happens when a user signs up for an account. Depending on which authentication framework you're using, here are a few examples of how to send `Sign Up` lead events:

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="Clerk" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/clerk" horizontal />

  <Card title="Better Auth" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/better-auth" horizontal />

  <Card title="NextAuth.js" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/next-auth" horizontal />

  <Card title="Supabase" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/supabase" horizontal />

  <Card title="Auth0" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/auth0" horizontal />

  <Card title="Appwrite" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/appwrite" horizontal />
</CardGroup>

The lead event will serve as the source of truth for the customer's identity and which link they came from. This means that all subsequent actions performed by the customer (e.g. upgrading their plan, purchasing a product) will automatically be attributed to the original link.

To learn more about tracking lead events with Dub, refer to the following resources:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Tracking lead events" icon="book-open" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/introduction">
    Read the full guide on tracking lead events with Dub
  </Card>

  <Card title="POST /track/lead endpoint" icon="code" href="https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-lead">
    View the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

### Tracking sale events

The second event you'll want to send is a `sale` event. This happens when a user purchases your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Subscribing to a paid plan
* Usage expansion (upgrading from one plan to another)
* Purchasing a product

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-sale-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how sale events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

Depending on which payment processor you're using, we offer native integrations for the following:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Stripe" icon="stripe" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/stripe" horizontal />

  <Card title="Shopify" icon="shopify" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/shopify" horizontal />
</CardGroup>

Alternatively, you can also send sale events manually using [our SDKs](/sdks/overview) or the [`POST /track/sale` API endpoint](https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale).

To learn more about tracking sale events with Dub, refer to the following resources:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Tracking sale events" icon="book-open" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/introduction">
    Read the full guide on tracking sale events with Dub
  </Card>

  <Card title="POST /track/sale endpoint" icon="code" href="https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale">
    View the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a sale event
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Step 4: View your conversions

Once you've enabled conversion tracking for your links, all your tracked conversions will show up on your [Analytics dashboard](https://app.dub.co/analytics). We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>

## Example Apps

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Dub Conversions Demo App" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/conversions/stripe" color="#333333">
    See the full example on GitHub.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/introduction

Learn how to track sales conversion events with Dub Conversions

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `sale` event happens when a user purchases your product or service. Examples include:

* Subscribing to a paid plan
* Usage expansion (upgrading from one plan to another)
* Purchasing a product from your online store

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-sale-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking sales conversion events with Dub.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
3. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

Then, depending on your authentication provider, follow the relevant guide to set up lead conversion tracking:

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="Clerk" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/clerk" horizontal />

  <Card title="Better Auth" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/better-auth" horizontal />

  <Card title="NextAuth.js" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/next-auth" horizontal />

  <Card title="Supabase" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/supabase" horizontal />

  <Card title="Auth0" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/auth0" horizontal />

  <Card title="Appwrite" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/appwrite" horizontal />
</CardGroup>

## Step 1: Configure sale tracking

Next, depending on which payment processor you're using, you can leverage our native integrations to track sale events:

<CardGroup cols={1}>
  <Card title="Stripe" icon="stripe" href="/conversions/sales/stripe" horizontal>
    Tracking sale conversion events with Stripe and the Dub SDK
  </Card>

  <Card title="Shopify" icon="shopify" href="/conversions/sales/shopify" horizontal>
    Tracking sale conversion events with Shopify and the Dub SDK
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

If you're not using any of the providers listed above, you can also manually track sale events using our [native SDKs](/sdks/overview) within your backend code:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Node.js
  import { Dub } from "dub";

  const dub = new Dub();

  await dub.track.sale({
    customerExternalId: "cus_RBfbD57HDzPKpduI8elr5qHA",
    amount: 100,
    paymentProcessor: "stripe",
    eventName: "E-book purchase",
    invoiceId: "123456",
    currency: "usd",
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub
  import os

  dub = Dub(token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'])

  dub.track.sale({
      'external_id': 'cus_RBfbD57HDzPKpduI8elr5qHA',
      'amount': 100,
      'payment_processor': 'stripe',
      'event_name': 'E-book purchase',
      'invoice_id': '123456',
      'currency': 'usd'
  })
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import (
      "context"
      dub "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
  )

  d := dub.New(
      dub.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")),
  )

  _, err := d.Track.Sale(context.Background(), &operations.TrackSaleRequest{
      CustomerExternalId:       "cus_RBfbD57HDzPKpduI8elr5qHA",
      Amount:          100,
      PaymentProcessor: "stripe",
      EventName:       "E-book purchase",
      InvoiceId:       "123456",
      Currency:        "usd",
  })
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  dub = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
  dub.config_security(
    ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
      token: ENV['DUB_API_KEY']
    )
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::TrackSaleRequest.new(
    external_id: 'cus_RBfbD57HDzPKpduI8elr5qHA',
    amount: 100,
    payment_processor: 'stripe',
    event_name: 'E-book purchase',
    invoice_id: '123456',
    currency: 'usd'
  )

  dub.track.sale(req)
  ```

  ```php PHP
  <?php

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub\Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $dub = Dub::builder()->setSecurity($_ENV["DUB_API_KEY"])->build();

  $request = new Operations\TrackSaleRequest();
  $request->customerExternalId = 'cus_RBfbD57HDzPKpduI8elr5qHA';
  $request->amount = 100;
  $request->paymentProcessor = 'stripe';
  $request->eventName = 'E-book purchase';
  $request->invoiceId = '123456';
  $request->currency = 'usd';

  $dub->track->sale($request);
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Here are the properties you can include when sending a sale event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                                      |
| :------------------- | :------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer.         |
| `amount`             | **Yes**  | The amount of the sale in cents.                                                                                                 |
| `paymentProcessor`   | **Yes**  | The payment processor that processed the sale. (E.g. [Stripe](/conversions/sales/stripe), [Shopify](/conversions/sales/shopify)) |
| `eventName`          | No       | The name of the event. Defaults to "Purchase".                                                                                   |
| `invoiceId`          | No       | The invoice ID of the sale. Can be used as a idempotency key – only one sale event can be recorded for a given invoice ID.       |
| `currency`           | No       | The currency of the sale. Defaults to "usd".                                                                                     |
| `metadata`           | No       | An object containing additional information about the sale.                                                                      |

## Step 2: View conversion results

And that's it – you're all set! You can now sit back, relax, and watch your conversion revenue grow. We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>

## Currency conversion support

For simplicity, Dub records all sales in the default currency of your Dub workspace. This means that if you pass a different currency, it will be automatically converted to USD for reporting consistency – using the latest foreign exchange rates.

```typescript TypScript
await dub.track.sale({
  customerExternalId: "cus_RBfbD57HDzPKpduI8elr5qHA",
  amount: 15480, // this will be converted from PLN to USD
  currency: "pln",
  paymentProcessor: "stripe",
  eventName: "Purchase",
});
```

<Note>
  The default currency for all Dub workspaces is currently set to `USD`. We will
  add the ability to customize that in the future.
</Note>


# Segment
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/segment

Learn how to track sales conversion events with Segment and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `sale` event happens when a user purchases your product or service.

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking sales conversion events for a SaaS application that uses Segment to collect customer data.

## Prerequisites

Before you get started, make sure you follow the [Dub Conversions quickstart guide](/conversions/quickstart) to get Dub Conversions set up for your links:

1. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
2. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)

If you’ve already set up the Dub (Actions) destination, you can skip the first two steps and jump straight to the Add Mapping section.

## Configure Segment Action

Next, configure [Segment Dub (Actions)](https://app.segment.com/goto-my-workspace/destinations/catalog/actions-dub) to track sales conversion events.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Add Dub (Actions) destination">
    Head to [Segment Dub (Actions)](https://app.segment.com/goto-my-workspace/destinations/catalog/actions-dub) and add the destination to your Segment workspace.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/segment/segment-actions.png" alt="Segment Dub (Actions) destination" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Configure Dub API Key">
    In the Dub (Actions) destination settings, fill out the following fields:

    * **Name:** Enter a name to help you identify this destination in Segment.
    * **API Key:** Enter your Dub API key. You can find this in the [Dub Dashboard](https://app.dub.co/settings/tokens).
    * **Enable Destination:** Toggle this on to allow Segment to send data to Dub.

    Once completed, click **Save Changes**.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/segment/segment-basic-settings.png" alt="Segment Dub (Actions) Basic Settings" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Add Mapping">
    Next, you’ll choose the **Track a sale** action from the list of available actions.

    By default, this action is configured to send sale data to Dub when the **Event Name** is **Order Completed**.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/segment/segment-track-sale-action.png" alt="Segment Dub (Actions) Mapping" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>

    Below the selected action, you’ll see the mapping for that action.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/segment/segment-track-sale-mapping.png" alt="Segment Dub (Actions) Mapping" width="1440" height="1024" />
    </Frame>

    You can customize the trigger and mapping to fit the specific needs of your application.

    Finally, click **Next** and then **Save and enable** to add the mapping to the destination.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Send sale events to Dub">
    On the server side, you’ll use the `@segment/analytics-node` SDK to send sale events to Segment.

    Make sure to include relevant properties such as `userId`, `payment_processor`, `order_id`, `currency`, and `revenue` in the payload.

    ```tsx
    import { Analytics } from "@segment/analytics-node";

    const segment = new Analytics({
      writeKey: "<YOUR_SEGMENT_WRITE_KEY>",
    });

    segment.track({
      userId: id,
      event: "Order Completed",
      properties: {
        payment_processor: "stripe",
        order_id: "ORD_123",
        currency: "USD",
        revenue: 1000,
      },
      integrations: {
        All: true,
      },
    });
    ```

    Once the event is tracked, Segment will forward the sale data to Dub based on the mappings you’ve configured.
  </Step>
</Steps>

Here are the properties you can include when sending a sale event:

| Property             | Required | Description                                                                                                                      |
| :------------------- | :------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `customerExternalId` | **Yes**  | The unique ID of the customer in your system. Will be used to identify and attribute all future events to this customer.         |
| `amount`             | **Yes**  | The amount of the sale in cents.                                                                                                 |
| `paymentProcessor`   | **Yes**  | The payment processor that processed the sale. (E.g. [Stripe](/conversions/sales/stripe), [Shopify](/conversions/sales/shopify)) |
| `eventName`          | No       | The name of the event. Defaults to "Purchase".                                                                                   |
| `invoiceId`          | No       | The invoice ID of the sale. Can be used as a idempotency key – only one sale event can be recorded for a given invoice ID.       |
| `currency`           | No       | The currency of the sale. Defaults to "usd".                                                                                     |
| `metadata`           | No       | An object containing additional information about the sale.                                                                      |

## Example App

To learn more about how to track sales with Segment, check out the following example app:

<Card title="Segment + Next.js App Router Example" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/blob/main/conversions/segment/actions/track-sale.ts">
  Next.js app using Segment to track sales.
</Card>

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>


# Shopify
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/shopify

Learn how to track sale conversion events with Shopify and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `sale` event happens when a user purchases a product from your Shopify store.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/shopify-conversion-tracking.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking sale events from Shopify by leveraging Dub's Shopify integration.

<iframe width="100%" height="469px" className="rounded-xl" src="https://www.loom.com/embed/936970b8db5b41488657fa92ffec384a?sid=04030975-6d7e-4126-8487-a1d9a3095efc" title="Loom video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen />

## Step 1: Enable conversion tracking for your links

First, you'll need to enable conversion tracking for your Dub links to be able to start tracking conversions.

There are a few ways to do this:

1. [On a workspace-level](/conversions/quickstart#option-1-on-a-workspace-level)
2. [On a link-level](/conversions/quickstart#option-2-on-a-link-level)
3. [Via the API](/conversions/quickstart#option-3-via-the-api)

## Step 2: Install the Dub Shopify app

<Steps>
  <Step title="Install the Shopify app">
    Install the [Dub Shopify App](https://d.to/shopify/app) from the App Store.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/shopify/shopify-app.png" alt="The connection status in the Dub Conversions app" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Connect Shopify to your Dub workspace">
    After installation, you will be prompted to link one of your Dub workspaces to
    the app. Select **Connect** to establish a connection between your
    Shopify store and your Dub workspace.

    You'll be redirected back to your Shopify store after this step and you'll see a list of the links in your Dub workspace:

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/shopify/shopify-links-table.png" alt="The list of links in your Dub workspace" />
    </Frame>

    With the Shopify app, you can also create [conversion-enabled links](/conversions//quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links) directly from your Shopify store:

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/shopify/shopify-create-link.png" alt="Create a conversion-enabled link from your Shopify store" />
    </Frame>

    If you want a more powerful link builder, you can also use the [Dub Link Builder](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-link-builder) to create conversion-enabled links.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Activate Dub Analytics Script">
    After installing the Dub Shopify app, the Dub Analytics script is added as an app embed. However, it needs to be activated manually to ensure it is included in your current theme.

    To activate the Dub Analytics script, follow these steps:

    1. Navigate to your Shopify admin panel.
    2. Go to **Online Store** > **Themes**.
    3. Click on **Customize** for your current theme.
    4. In the theme editor, select the **App embeds** tab.
    5. Locate the **Analytics Script** for the Dub Shopify app and toggle it to activate.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/shopify/shopify-enable-tracking-script.png" alt="Enable the Dub Analytics script in your Shopify theme" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>
</Steps>

<Tip>
  Dub’s Shopify integration will automatically forward the following events to Dub:

  * `orders/paid`: This event is triggered when a customer completes a purchase on your Shopify store. It is utilized to track sales that originate from Dub links.
  * `app/uninstalled`: This event occurs when the app is uninstalled from a store. It is used to remove the integration from your Dub workspace.

  In addition to the above, we also subscribe to the mandatory compliance webhook topics that are required by Shopify.
</Tip>

## Step 3: View conversion results

And that's it – you're all set! You can now sit back, relax, and watch your conversion revenue grow. We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>

## Currency conversion support

For simplicity, Dub records all sales in the native currency of the Shopify store. For example, if you're using USD for your Shopify store, Dub will record all sales in USD – even if your customers are paying in a different currency.

```json orders/paid
// Shopify orders/paid event payload
// @see: https://shopify.dev/docs/api/webhooks?reference=toml#list-of-topics-orders/paid
{
  ...
  "current_subtotal_price_set": {
    "shop_money": {
      "amount": "398.00", // this is the amount that Dub will record
      "currency_code": "USD" // this is the currency of your Shopify store
    },
    "presentment_money": {
      "amount": "572.25",
      "currency_code": "CAD"
    }
  },
  ...
}
```


# Stripe
Source: https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/stripe

Learn how to track sale conversion events with Stripe and Dub

<Note>
  Conversion tracking require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

When it comes to [conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart), a `sale` event happens when a user purchases your product or service. Examples include:

* Subscribing to a paid plan
* Usage expansion (upgrading from one plan to another)
* Purchasing a product via [Stripe Payment Links](#option-1-using-stripe-payment-links)

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-sale-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we will be focusing on tracking sale events with Stripe as the payment processor by leveraging Dub's Stripe integration.

## Installing the Dub Stripe integration

Dub comes with a powerful Stripe integration that automatically listens to payment events on Stripe and track them as sales on Dub.

Here's how you can install the Dub Stripe integration:

<Steps>
  <Step title="Find Dub on the Stripe App Marketplace">
    Navigate to the [Dub Stripe Integration](https://d.to/stripe/app) on the Stripe App Marketplace.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/stripe/stripe-app-marketplace.png" alt="The Dub: Conversions Analytics page on the Stripe App Marketplace" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Install the Stripe app">
    On the top right, click on **Install app** to install the Dub Conversions app on your Stripe account.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/stripe/stripe-app-install.png" alt="The Stripe integration installation flow" />
    </Frame>

    <Tip>
      Alternatively, you can also install the Stripe app in test mode first to test
      your end-to-end flow without involving real money.
    </Tip>

    Once the app is installed, click on **Continue to app settings** to finish the installation.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/stripe/stripe-app-install-continue.png" alt="Continue to app settings" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Connect Stripe to your Dub workspace">
    In the app settings page, click on **Connect workspace** to connect your Stripe account with your Dub workspace.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/stripe/stripe-app-connect-workspace.png" alt="Connect Stripe to Dub" />
    </Frame>

    This will redirect you to the [Dub OAuth flow](/integrations/quickstart), where you can select the Dub workspace you want to connect to your Stripe account.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/stripe/select-dub-workspace.png" alt="Select the Dub workspace you want to connect to your Stripe account" />
    </Frame>

    Once you click on **Authorize**, you will be redirected back to the Dub app settings page on Stripe, where you should see that the integration is now installed.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/stripe/stripe-app-installed.png" alt="The Stripe integration is now installed" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>
</Steps>

Once the integration is installed, Dub will automatically listen to the following events on Stripe and track them as sales on Dub:

* `customer.created`: When a new customer is created
* `customer.updated`: When a customer is updated
* `checkout.session.completed`: When a customer completes a checkout session
* `invoice.paid`: When an invoice is paid (for tracking recurring subscriptions)
* `charge.refunded`: When a charge is refunded (for tracking refunds and updating payout commissions for [Dub Partners](https://dub.partners))

## Tracking sales with the Dub Stripe integration

Depending on your setup, there are a few ways you can track sales with the Dub Stripe integration.

* [Option 1: Using Stripe Payment Links](#option-1%3A-using-stripe-payment-links)
* [Option 2: Using Stripe Checkout (recommended)](#option-2%3A-using-stripe-checkout-recommended)
* [Option 3: Using Stripe Customers](#option-3%3A-using-stripe-customers)

### Option 1: Using Stripe Payment Links

<Tip>
  For this option to work, you need to [install the Dub Stripe
  integration](#installing-the-dub-stripe-integration) and [enable conversion
  tracking for your
  links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
  first.
</Tip>

If you're using [Stripe Payment Links](https://docs.stripe.com/payment-links), simply add a `?dub_client_reference_id=1` query parameter to your Stripe Payment Link when shortening it on Dub.

Then, when a user clicks on the shortened link, Dub will automatically append the unique click ID as the `client_reference_id` [query parameter](https://docs.stripe.com/payment-links/url-parameters) to the payment link.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://assets.dub.co/cms/conversions-payment-links.jpg" alt="Stripe payment link with Dub click ID" />
</Frame>

Finally, when the user completes the checkout flow, Dub will automatically [track the sale event](/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale) and [update the customer's `customerExternalId`](/api-reference/endpoint/update-a-customer) with their Stripe customer ID for future reference.

Alternatively, if you have a marketing site that you're redirecting your users to first, you can do this instead:

1. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction), which automatically detects the `dub_id` in the URL and stores it as a first-party cookie on your site.
2. Then, retrieve and append the `dub_id` value as the `client_reference_id` parameter to the payment links on your pricing page / CTA button (prefixed with `dub_id_`).

   ```
   https://buy.stripe.com/xxxxxx?client_reference_id=dub_id_xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
   ```

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="What if I'm using Stripe Pricing Tables?">
    If you're using [Stripe Pricing Tables](https://docs.stripe.com/payments/checkout/pricing-table) – you'd want to pass the Dub click ID as a [`client-reference-id` attribute](https://docs.stripe.com/payments/checkout/pricing-table#handle-fulfillment-with-the-stripe-api) instead:

    <CodeGroup>
      ```html HTML
      <body>
        <h1>We offer plans that help any business!</h1>
        <!-- Paste your embed code script here. -->
        <script async src="https://js.stripe.com/v3/pricing-table.js"></script>
        <stripe-pricing-table
          pricing-table-id="{{PRICING_TABLE_ID}}"
          publishable-key="pk_test_51ODHJvFacAXKeDpJsgWLQJSzBIDtCUFN6MoB4IIXKJDfWdFmiEO4JuvAU1A0Y2Ri4m4q1egIfwYy3s72cUBRCwXC00GQhEZuXa"
          client-reference-id="dub_id_xxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
        >
        </stripe-pricing-table>
      </body>
      ```

      ```jsx React
      import * as React from "react";

      function PricingPage() {
        // Paste the stripe-pricing-table snippet in your React component
        return (
          <stripe-pricing-table
            pricing-table-id="'{{PRICING_TABLE_ID}}'"
            publishable-key="pk_test_51ODHJvFacAXKeDpJsgWLQJSzBIDtCUFN6MoB4IIXKJDfWdFmiEO4JuvAU1A0Y2Ri4m4q1egIfwYy3s72cUBRCwXC00GQhEZuXa"
            client-reference-id="dub_id_xxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
          ></stripe-pricing-table>
        );
      }

      export default PricingPage;
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="What if I'm using Stripe's Checkout Sessions API?">
    If you're using Stripe's [Checkout Sessions API](https://docs.stripe.com/api/checkout/sessions/object) for a recurring subscription service, you might want to check out our [Stripe Checkout option](#option-2%3A-using-stripe-checkout-recommended) instead.

    If your setup doesn't involve a [lead event](/conversions/leads/introduction) and goes straight to the Stripe checkout flow (e.g. for one-time purchases), you can simply pass the Dub click ID (prefixed with `dub_id_`) as the [`client_reference_id` parameter](https://docs.stripe.com/api/checkout/sessions/object#checkout_session_object-client_reference_id) to enable conversion tracking with Dub.

    <CodeGroup>
      ```javascript Node.js
      const session = await stripe.checkout.sessions.create({
        success_url: "https://example.com/success",
        line_items: [
          {
            price: "price_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
            quantity: 2,
          },
        ],
        mode: "payment",
        client_reference_id: "dub_id_xxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
      });
      ```

      ```python Python
        stripe.checkout.Session.create(
          success_url="https://example.com/success",
          line_items=[{"price": "price_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", "quantity": 2}],
          mode="payment",
          client_reference_id="dub_id_xxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
        )
      ```

      ```go Go
        params := &stripe.CheckoutSessionParams{
          SuccessURL: stripe.String("https://example.com/success"),
          LineItems: []*stripe.CheckoutSessionLineItemParams{
            &stripe.CheckoutSessionLineItemParams{
              Price: stripe.String("price_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"),
              Quantity: stripe.Int64(2),
            },
          },
          Mode: stripe.String(string(stripe.CheckoutSessionModePayment)),
          ClientReferenceID: stripe.String("dub_id_xxxxxxxxxxxxxx"),
        };
        result, err := session.New(params);
      ```

      ```php PHP
        $stripe->checkout->sessions->create([
          'success_url' => 'https://example.com/success',
          'line_items' => [
            [
              'price' => 'price_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
              'quantity' => 2,
            ],
          ],
          'mode' => 'payment',
          'client_reference_id' => "dub_id_xxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
        ]);
      ```

      ```ruby Ruby
        Stripe::Checkout::Session.create({
          success_url: 'https://example.com/success',
          line_items: [
            {
              price: 'price_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx',
              quantity: 2,
            },
          ],
          mode: 'payment',
          client_reference_id: "dub_id_xxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
        })
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

### Option 2: Using Stripe Checkout (recommended)

If you have a custom checkout flow that uses Stripe's `checkout.sessions.create` API, you'd want to associate the [Stripe customer object](https://docs.stripe.com/api/customers/object) with the user's unique ID in your database (which we tracked in the [lead conversion tracking step](/conversions/leads/introduction)).

This will allow Dub to automatically listen for purchase events from Stripe and associate them with the original click event (and by extension, the link that the user came from).

<Accordion title="How does this work?">
  Remember in the [lead conversion tracking guide](/conversions/leads/introduction), we passed the user's unique user ID along with the click event ID in the `dub.track.lead` call?

  ```javascript Node.js
  await dub.track.lead({
    clickId,
    eventName: "Sign Up",
    customerExternalId: user.id, // the unique user ID of the customer in your database
    customerName: user.name,
    customerEmail: user.email,
    customerAvatar: user.image,
  });
  ```

  Under the hood, Dub records the user as a customer and associates them with the click event that they came from.

  Then, when the user makes a purchase, Dub will automatically associate the checkout session details (invoice amount, currency, etc.) with the customer – and by extension, the original click event.
</Accordion>

First, you'll need to complete the following prerequisites:

1. [Install the Dub Stripe integration](#installing-the-dub-stripe-integration)
2. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
3. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)
4. [Install the Dub server-side SDK](/sdks/overview#server-side-sdks)

Then, when you [create a checkout session](https://docs.stripe.com/api/checkout/sessions/create), pass your customer's unique user ID in your database as the `dubCustomerId` value in the `metadata` field.

```javascript Node.js
import { stripe } from "@/lib/stripe";

const user = {
  id: "user_123",
  email: "user@example.com",
  teamId: "team_xxxxxxxxx",
};

const priceId = "price_xxxxxxxxx";

const stripeSession = await stripe.checkout.sessions.create({
  customer_email: user.email,
  success_url: "https://app.domain.com/success",
  line_items: [{ price: priceId, quantity: 1 }],
  mode: "subscription",
  client_reference_id: user.teamId,
  metadata: {
    dubCustomerId: user.id, // the unique user ID of the customer in your database
  },
});
```

This way, when the customer completes their checkout session, Dub will automatically associate the checkout session details (invoice amount, currency, etc.) with the customer – and by extension, the original click event.

### Option 3: Using Stripe Customers

Alternatively, if you don't use Stripe's [checkout session creation flow](#option-2%3A-using-stripe-checkout-recommended), you can also pass the user ID and the click event ID (`dub_id`) in the [Stripe customer creation flow](https://docs.stripe.com/api/customers/create).

First, you'll need to complete the following prerequisites:

1. [Install the Dub Stripe integration](#installing-the-dub-stripe-integration)
2. [Enable conversion tracking for your links](/conversions/quickstart#step-1-enable-conversion-tracking-for-your-links)
3. [Install the @dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction)

Then, when you [create a Stripe customer](https://docs.stripe.com/api/customers/create), pass the user's unique user ID in your database as the `dubCustomerId` value in the `metadata` field.

```javascript Node.js
import { stripe } from "@/lib/stripe";

const user = {
  id: "user_123",
  email: "user@example.com",
  teamId: "team_xxxxxxxxx",
};

const dub_id = req.headers.get("dub_id");

await stripe.customers.create({
  email: user.email,
  name: user.name,
  metadata: {
    dubCustomerId: user.id,
    dubClickId: dub_id,
  },
});
```

Alternatively, you can also pass the `dubCustomerId` and `dubClickId` values in the `metadata` field of the [Stripe customer update flow](https://docs.stripe.com/api/customers/update):

```javascript Node.js
import { stripe } from "@/lib/stripe";

const user = {
  id: "user_123",
  email: "user@example.com",
  teamId: "team_xxxxxxxxx",
};

const dub_id = req.headers.get("dub_id");

await stripe.customers.update(user.id, {
  metadata: {
    dubCustomerId: user.id,
    dubClickId: dub_id,
  },
});
```

This way, when the customer makes a purchase, Dub will automatically associate the purchase details (invoice amount, currency, etc.) with the original click event.

## Currency conversion support

If you're using [Stripe's Adaptive Pricing](https://docs.stripe.com/payments/checkout/adaptive-pricing) feature, Dub will record the sale amount using the currency of your Stripe account:

```json checkout.session.completed
// Stripe checkout.session.completed event payload
{
  "id": "{{EVENT_ID}}",
  "object": "event",
  "type": "checkout.session.completed",
  "data": {
    "object": {
      "id": "{{SESSION_ID}}",
      "object": "checkout.session",
      "currency": "cad",
      "amount_subtotal": 2055,
      "amount_total": 2055,
      "currency_conversion": {
        "amount_subtotal": 1500,
        "amount_total": 1500, // this is the amount that Dub will record
        "source_currency": "usd", // the currency of your Stripe account
        "fx_rate": "1.37"
      }
    }
  }
}
```

If you're not using Stripe Adaptive Pricing, Dub will record the sale amount in the default currency of your Dub workspace. This means that if you pass a different currency, it will be automatically converted to USD for reporting consistency – using the latest foreign exchange rates.

```json checkout.session.completed
// Stripe checkout.session.completed event payload
{
  "id": "{{EVENT_ID}}",
  "object": "event",
  "type": "checkout.session.completed",
  "data": {
    "object": {
      "id": "{{SESSION_ID}}",
      "object": "checkout.session",
      "currency": "cad",
      "amount_subtotal": 2055,
      "amount_total": 2055 // this will be converted from CAD to USD
    }
  }
}
```

<Note>
  The default currency for all Dub workspaces is currently set to `USD`. We will
  add the ability to customize that in the future.
</Note>

## View conversion results

And that's it – you're all set! You can now sit back, relax, and watch your conversion revenue grow. We provide 3 different views to help you understand your conversions:

* **Time-series**: A [time-series view](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-analytics#1-time-series-analytics-chart) of the number clicks, leads and sales.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/timeseries-chart.png" alt="Time-series line chart" />
</Frame>

* **Funnel chart**: A funnel chart view visualizing the conversion & dropoff rates across the different steps in the conversion funnel (clicks → leads → sales).

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/funnel-chart.png" alt="Funnel chart view showing the conversion & dropoff rates from clicks → leads → sales" />
</Frame>

* **Real-time events stream**: A [real-time events stream](https://dub.co/help/article/real-time-events-stream) of every single conversion event that occurs across all your links in your workspace.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/events-table.png" alt="The Events Stream dashboard on Dub" />
</Frame>

## Example Apps

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Dub + Stripe Demo App" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/conversions/stripe" color="#333333">
    See the full example on GitHub.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/integrations

Integrate Dub with your favorite tools and services.

Integrations allow you to extend the capabilities of Dub and seamlessly connect with third-party platforms and services. By leveraging these integrations, you can enhance your workflows, automate tasks, connect with your favorite tools, and more.

## Official integrations

These are the integrations that are officially supported and actively maintained by Dub.

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card
    title="Zapier"
    href="https://dub.co/integrations/zapier"
    icon={
    <div className="h-8 w-8">
      <img
        src="https://dubassets.com/integrations/clzlmz336000fjeqynwhfv8vo_S4yz4ak"
        alt="Zapier logo"
        className="h-full w-full rounded-full"
      />
    </div>
  }
  >
    Integrate Dub with Zapier
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Make.com"
    href="https://dub.co/integrations/make"
    icon={
    <div className="h-8 w-8">
      <img
        src="https://dubassets.com/integrations/clzlmyxup0001jeqyaka3dvdd_GSp2tii"
        alt="Make.com logo"
        className="h-full w-full rounded-full"
      />
    </div>
  }
  >
    Integrate Dub with Make.com
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Stripe"
    href="https://dub.co/integrations/stripe"
    icon={
    <div className="h-8 w-8">
      <img
        src="https://dubassets.com/integrations/clzra1ya60001wnj4a89zcg9h_jtyaGa7"
        alt="Stripe logo"
        className="h-full w-full rounded-full"
      />
    </div>
  }
  >
    Integrate Dub with Stripe
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Shopify"
    href="https://dub.co/integrations/shopify"
    icon={
    <div className="h-8 w-8">
      <img
        src="https://dubassets.com/integrations/int_iWOtrZgmcyU6XDwKr4AYYqLN_jUmF77W"
        alt="Shopify logo"
        className="h-full w-full rounded-full"
      />
    </div>
  }
  >
    Integrate Dub with Shopify
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Segment"
    href="https://dub.co/integrations/segment"
    icon={
    <div className="h-8 w-8">
      <img
        src="https://dubassets.com/integrations/int_zGnSElTzimbz20OWnXerPoKv_Noy3Xhk"
        alt="Segment logo"
        className="h-full w-full rounded-full"
      />
    </div>
  }
  >
    Integrate Dub with Segment
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Wordpress"
    href="https://dub.co/integrations/wordpress"
    icon={
    <div className="h-8 w-8">
      <img
        src="https://dubassets.com/integrations/clzrjifgn0004tyvlu72oxcc2_GrLz146"
        alt="Wordpress logo"
        className="h-full w-full rounded-full"
      />
    </div>
  }
  >
    Integrate Dub with Wordpress
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Raycast"
    href="https://dub.co/integrations/raycast"
    icon={
    <div className="h-8 w-8">
      <img
        src="https://dubassets.com/integrations/clzlmyzlx0005jeqy95pjrwbz_Yg767eU"
        alt="Raycast logo"
        className="h-full w-full rounded-full"
      />
    </div>
  }
  >
    Integrate Dub with Raycast
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Slack"
    href="https://dub.co/integrations/slack"
    icon={
    <div className="h-8 w-8">
      <img
        src="https://dubassets.com/integrations/clzu59rx9000110bm5fnlzwuj_Y93aiyc"
        alt="Slack logo"
        className="h-full w-full rounded-full"
      />
    </div>
  }
  >
    Integrate Dub with Slack
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Building your own integrations

You can build your own integrations with Dub's link infrastructure using our [API](/api-reference/introduction).

1. Read the documentation on how to [create links](/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-link) or [track sale conversions](/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale).
2. Learn how to [integrate Dub into your application](/integrations/quickstart).
3. [Reach out to us](https://dub.co/contact/support) to feature your integration in the integrations marketplace.

## Integration webhooks

Dub also supports webhooks for integrations. You can learn more about them in the [webhooks](/concepts/webhooks/introduction) documentation.

Here's a list of the webhooks that Dub supports:

* [`link.created`](/concepts/webhooks/event-types#link-created) – when a new link is created
* [`link.updated`](/concepts/webhooks/event-types#link-updated) – when a link is updated
* [`link.deleted`](/concepts/webhooks/event-types#link-deleted) – when a link is deleted
* [`link.clicked`](/concepts/webhooks/event-types#link-clicked) – when a link is clicked
* [`lead.created`](/concepts/webhooks/event-types#lead-created) – when a new lead is created
* [`sale.created`](/concepts/webhooks/event-types#sale-created) – when a new sale is created
* [`partner.enrolled`](/concepts/webhooks/event-types#partner-enrolled) – when a new partner is enrolled in your program


# Build your own integration
Source: https://dub.co/docs/integrations/quickstart

Learn how to authenticate users with OAuth 2.0. for your Dub integration.

Integrations allow you to extend the capabilities of Dub and seamlessly connect with third-party platforms and services.

You can build your own integrations with Dub using our [API](/api-reference/introduction).

1. Read the documentation on how to [create links](/api-reference/endpoint/create-a-link) or [track sale conversions](/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale).
2. Learn how to [integrate Dub into your application](/integrations/quickstart).
3. [Reach out to us](https://dub.co/contact/support) to feature your integration in the integrations marketplace.

In this guide, you will learn how to create and manage integrations on Dub, allowing you to incorporate Dub's link attribution platform into your application.

## Integrating via OAuth 2.0 (recommended)

Dub supports OAuth 2.0 authentication, which is **recommended** if you build integrations extending Dub's functionality.

We recommend you use a OAuth client library to integrate the OAuth flow. You can find recommended libraries in a variety of programming languages [here](https://oauth.net/code/).

### Set up OAuth 2.0

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to set up OAuth 2.0 authentication with Dub.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create an OAuth2 application in Dub">
    * Go to the [OAuth Apps tab](https://app.dub.co/settings/oauth-apps) in your workspace.
    * Click on **Create OAuth App**.
    * Fill in the required fields to create an OAuth2 application.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Redirect users to authorization URL">
    When you want to authenticate a user, you need to redirect them to the Dub OAuth authorization URL.

    ```
    GET https://app.dub.co/oauth/authorize
    ```

    Parameters:

    | Property        | Description                                                                                                                       |
    | --------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | `client_id`     | The client ID of your OAuth application.                                                                                          |
    | `redirect_uri`  | The URL to redirect the user to after they authorize the application. Make sure this URL is registered in your OAuth application. |
    | `response_type` | Expected response type. It should be `code`.                                                                                      |
    | `scope`         | A space separated list of scopes that you want to request access to. Read more about scopes [here](#scopes).                      |
    | `state`         | The state parameter to prevent against CSRF attacks. Read more about it [here](https://auth0.com/docs/protocols/state-parameters) |

    An example URL would look like this:

    ```
    GET https://app.dub.co/oauth/authorize?client_id=YOUR_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=YOUR_REDIRECT_URI&response_type=code&scope=SOME_SCOPE&state=SOME_STATE
    ```

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/oauth-consent.png" alt="OAuth consent screen" width="1468" height="249" />
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Exchange code for an access token">
    The `code` parameter is returned in the query string when the user is redirected back to your application. You can exchange this code for an access token by making a POST request to the Dub OAuth token URL.

    ```
    POST https://api.dub.co/oauth/token
    ```

    Here's an example using the fetch API:

    ```js
    await fetch("https://api.dub.co/oauth/token", {
      method: "POST",
      headers: {
        "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
      },
      body: new URLSearchParams({
        code: "YOUR_AUTHORIZATION_CODE",
        client_id: "YOUR_CLIENT_ID",
        client_secret: "YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET",
        redirect_uri: "YOUR_REDIRECT_URI",
        grant_type: "authorization_code",
      }),
    });
    ```

    <Warning>
      The `Content-Type` header should be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
    </Warning>

    Parameters:

    | Property        | Description                                                                  |
    | --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | `code`          | The code you received when the user was redirected back to your application. |
    | `client_id`     | The client ID of your OAuth application.                                     |
    | `client_secret` | The client secret of your OAuth application.                                 |
    | `redirect_uri`  | The same redirect URI you used in the authorization URL.                     |
    | `grant_type`    | The grant type. It should be `authorization_code`.                           |

    Response:

    After a successful request, you will receive a JSON response with the access token.

    ```json
    {
      "access_token": "dub_access_token_ae8ebf6f97e6200d886ef48a5...",
      "refresh_token": "7f5acfbe14bca0a20fe6e430ddb7bb494eed160bd...",
      "token_type": "Bearer",
      "expires_in": 7200,
      "scope": "links.write tags.write domains.read"
    }
    ```

    We recommend using the [PKCE](https://auth0.com/docs/get-started/authentication-and-authorization-flow/authorization-code-flow-with-pkce) flow for native desktop or mobile application or a single-page app (SPA) where the `client_secret` cannot be hidden.

    With PKCE, the `client_secret` is **never sent to the authorization server**, preventing the `client_secret` from being leaked from the client application.

    Instead of using the `client_secret`, you will need to generate a `code_verifier` and `code_challenge` and use them to exchange for an access token.

    For example [Dub Raycast extension](https://github.com/raycast/extensions/tree/main/extensions/dub) uses PKCE to authenticate users.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Make an API request with the access token">
    Once you have obtained a valid access token, you can use it to make requests to the Dub API.

    You can initialize [Dub SDK](/sdks/overview) with the access token.

    Here is an example of how you can create a link using the [Dub TypeScript SDK](/sdks/typescript):

    ```javascript
    import { Dub } from "dub";

    const dub = new Dub({
      token: <ACCESS_TOKEN>,
    });

    const link = await dub.links.create({
      url: "https://google.com",
    });
    ```

    Or pass the access token in the header: `Authorization: Bearer <ACCESS_TOKEN>`

    ```shell
      curl --request POST \
      --url https://api.dub.co/links \
      --header 'Authorization: Bearer <ACCESS_TOKEN>' \
      --header 'Content-Type: application/json'
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Refresh the access token">
    Dub access tokens are short-lived, depending on the `expires_in` value (the default value is **7,200 seconds**, or **2 hours**). Dub will respond with `401 Unauthorized` if you try to use an expired access token.

    To refresh the access token, you need to make a POST request to the Dub OAuth token URL with the `refresh_token` you obtained when exchanging the code for an `access_token`.

    ```
    POST https://api.dub.co/oauth/token
    ```

    <Warning>
      The `Content-Type` header should be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
    </Warning>

    Parameters:

    | Property        | Description                                                                  |
    | --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | `client_id`     | The client ID of your OAuth application.                                     |
    | `client_secret` | The client secret of your OAuth application.                                 |
    | `grant_type`    | The grant type. It should be `refresh_token`.                                |
    | `refresh_token` | The refresh token you received when exchanging the code for an access token. |

    Response:

    After a successful request, you will receive a JSON response with the new access token.

    ```json
    {
      "access_token": "dub_access_token_ae8ebf6f97e6200d886ef48a5...",
      "refresh_token": "7f5acfbe14bca0a20fe6e430ddb7bb494eed160bd...",
      "token_type": "Bearer",
      "expires_in": 7200,
      "scope": "links.write tags.write domains.read"
    }
    ```

    This will invalidate the old access token and refresh token.
  </Step>
</Steps>

### Scopes

You can request access to specific scopes when redirecting users to the Dub OAuth authorization URL. Scopes are permissions that the user needs to grant to your application.

Dub supports the following scopes for OAuth 2.0:

| Scope              | Description                                                         |
| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `workspaces.read`  | Read access to workspaces.                                          |
| `workspaces.write` | Write access to workspaces.                                         |
| `links.read`       | Read access to links.                                               |
| `links.write`      | Write access to links.                                              |
| `tags.read`        | Read access to tags.                                                |
| `tags.write`       | Write access to tags.                                               |
| `analytics.read`   | Read access to analytics.                                           |
| `domains.read`     | Read access to domains.                                             |
| `domains.write`    | Write access to domains.                                            |
| `user.read`        | Read access to user information. This scope is included by default. |

### Examples

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="OAuth 2.0 Example" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/oauth" color="#333333">
    See the full example on GitHub.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Integrating via API keys (not recommended)

Dub also supports API key authentication; however, it is **not recommended** for building integrations. It should only be used for internal integrations or personal projects that do not require user consent.

Learn more about [API Keys](/api-reference/tokens).


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/introduction



[Dub](https://dub.co) is the modern link attribution platform for you to [create short links](/concepts/links/introduction), [track conversion analytics](/conversions/quickstart), and [run affiliate programs](/partners/quickstart).

Whether you are:

* a marketer looking to track the success of your campaigns
* a creator looking to measure the impact of your content
* a founder looking to [start an affiliate program](/partners/quickstart)
* a developer looking to [integrate link analytics](concepts/analytics/introduction) into your application

We've got you covered.

## Key features

Dub is more than just a link shortener – we offer a suite of tools to help you measure attribution and grow your business with partnerships.

Here are some of the features that Dub offers:

* [Create short links](/concepts/links/introduction) (including [bulk link creation](/concepts/links/bulk-operations))
* [Real-time link analytics](/concepts/analytics/introduction)
* [Conversion tracking](/conversions/quickstart)
* [Partner programs](/partners/quickstart) (e.g. referral/affiliate programs)
* [Webhooks](/concepts/webhooks/introduction)
* [Integrations](https://dub.co/integrations) + [building custom integrations](/integrations/quickstart)
* [REST API](/api-reference/introduction) + [native SDKs](/sdks/overview) for multiple languages

## Getting started

To get started with Dub, you can do any of the following:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Try our API" icon="code" href="/api-reference/introduction">
    Learn how to use Dub's API to interact with Dub programmatically
  </Card>

  <Card title="Integrate with Dub" icon="circle-nodes" href="/integrations">
    Learn how to integrate Dub with your favorite tools
  </Card>

  <Card title="Conversion tracking" icon="arrow-progress" href="/conversions/quickstart">
    Follow our quickstart guide to get started with conversion tracking
  </Card>

  <Card title="Dub Partners" icon="arrow-progress" href="/partners/quickstart">
    Build powerful referral/affiliate programs with white-labeling and 1-click
    payouts
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Stay up to date

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Read our blog" icon="newspaper" href="https://dub.co/blog">
    Learn about the latest features and updates from Dub
  </Card>

  <Card title="Follow us on X/Twitter" icon="twitter" href="https://x.com/dubdotco">
    Follow us on X/Twitter to get notified when we release new features
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Local development
Source: https://dub.co/docs/local-development

A guide on how to run Dub's codebase locally.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/logo-background-gradient.png" alt="Dub Logo on a gradient background" width="1200" height="630" />
</Frame>

## Introduction

Dub's codebase is set up in a monorepo (via [Turborepo](https://turbo.build/repo)) and is fully [open-source on GitHub](https://github.com/dubinc/dub).

Here's the monorepo structure:

```
apps
├── web
packages
├── cli
├── email
├── embeds
├── prisma
├── stripe-app
├── tailwind-config
├── tinybird
├── tsconfig
├── ui
├── utils
```

The `apps` directory contains the code for:

* `web`: The entirety of Dub's application ([app.dub.co](https://app.dub.co)) + our link redirect infrastructure.

The `packages` directory contains the code for:

* `cli`: A CLI for easily shortening URLs with the Dub API.
* `email`: Dub's email application with function to send emails and templates.
* `embeds`: A package used embed Dub's referral dashboard.
* `prisma`: Prisma Configuration for Dub's web-app.
* `stripe-app`: The Stripe app for dub conversions.
* `tailwind-config`: The Tailwind CSS configuration for Dub's web app.
* `tinybird`: Dub's Tinybird configuration.
* `tsconfig`: The TypeScript configuration for Dub's web app.
* `ui`: Dub's UI component library.
* `utils`: A collection of utility functions and constants used across Dub's codebase.

## How `app.dub.co` works

Dub's web app is built with [Next.js](https://nextjs.org) and [TailwindCSS](https://tailwindcss.com).

It also utilizes code from the `packages` directory, specifically the `@dub/ui` and `@dub/utils` packages.

All of the code for the web app is located in here: [`main`/apps/web/app/app.dub.co](https://github.com/dubinc/dub/tree/main/apps/web/app/app.dub.co). This is using the Next.js [route group pattern](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/route-groups).

There's also the API server, which is located in here: [`main`/apps/web/app/api](https://github.com/dubinc/dub/tree/main/apps/web/app/api)

When you run `pnpm dev` to start the development server, the app will be available at [http://localhost:8888](http://localhost:8888). The reason we use `localhost:8888` and not `app.localhost:8888` is because Google OAuth doesn't allow you to use localhost subdomains.

## How link redirects work on Dub

Link redirects on Dub are powered by [Next.js Middleware](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/middleware).

To handle high traffic, we use Redis to cache every link's metadata when it's first created. This allows us to serve redirects without hitting our MySQL database.

Here's the code that powers link redirects: [`main`/apps/web/lib/middleware/link.ts](https://github.com/dubinc/dub/blob/main/apps/web/lib/middleware/link.ts)

## Running Dub locally

To run Dub locally, you'll need to set up the following:

* A [Tinybird](https://www.tinybird.co/) account
* An [Upstash](https://upstash.com/) account
* A [PlanetScale](https://planetscale.com/)-compatible MySQL database

Watch this video from our friends at Tinybird to learn how to set up Dub locally:

<iframe width="100%" className="aspect-video" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9GNYcS9BHhc" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen />

## Step 1: Local setup

First, you'll need to clone the Dub repo and install the dependencies.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Clone the repo">
    First, clone the [Dub repo](https://d.to/github) into a public GitHub repository.

    ```bash Terminal
    git clone https://github.com/dubinc/dub.git
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Install dependencies">
    Run the following command to install the dependencies:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm i
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Build internal packages">
    Execute the command below to compile all internal packages:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm -r --filter "./packages/**" build
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up environment variables">
    Copy the `.env.example` file from `./apps/web` to `.env` by executing the following command from `apps/web`:

    ```bash Terminal
    cp ./apps/web/.env.example .env
    ```

    You'll be updating this `.env` file with your own values as you progress through the setup.
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 2: Set up Tinybird Clickhouse database

Next, you'll need to set up the [Tinybird](https://tinybird.co) Clickhouse database. This will be used to store time-series click events data.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create Tinybird Workspace">
    In your [Tinybird](https://tinybird.co/) account, create a new Workspace.

    Copy your `admin` [Auth Token](https://www.tinybird.co/docs/concepts/auth-tokens.html). Paste this token as the `TINYBIRD_API_KEY` environment variable in your `.env` file.

    <Tip>
      Alternatively, you can set up a [local Tinybird container](https://www.tinybird.co/docs/cli/local-container) for local development.
    </Tip>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Install Tinybird CLI and authenticate">
    In your newly-cloned Dub repo, navigate to the `packages/tinybird` directory.

    If you have `brew`, install `pipx` by running `brew install pipx`. If not, you can check [installation guide](https://pipx.pypa.io/stable/installation/) for other options. After that, install the Tinybird CLI with `pipx install tinybird-cli` (requires Python >= 3.8).

    Run `tb auth --interactive` and paste your `admin` Auth Token.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Publish Tinybird datasource and endpoints">
    Run `tb push` to publish the datasource and endpoints in the `packages/tinybird` directory. You should see the following output (truncated for brevity):

    ```bash Terminal
    $ tb push

    ** Processing ./datasources/click_events.datasource
    ** Processing ./endpoints/clicks.pipe
    ...
    ** Building dependencies
    ** Running 'click_events'
    ** 'click_events' created
    ** Running 'device'
    ** => Test endpoint at https://api.us-east.tinybird.co/v0/pipes/device.json
    ** Token device_endpoint_read_8888 not found, creating one
    ** => Test endpoint with:
    ** $ curl https://api.us-east.tinybird.co/v0/pipes/device.json?token=p.ey...NWeaoTLM
    ** 'device' created
    ...
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up Tinybird API base URL">
    You will then need to update your [Tinybird API base URL](https://www.tinybird.co/docs/api-reference/api-reference.html#regions-and-endpoints) to match the region of your database.

    From the previous step, take note of the **Test endpoint** URL. It should look something like this:

    ```bash Terminal
    Test endpoint at https://api.us-east.tinybird.co/v0/pipes/device.json
    ```

    Copy the base URL and paste it as the `TINYBIRD_API_URL` environment variable in your `.env` file.

    ```bash Terminal
    TINYBIRD_API_URL=https://api.us-east.tinybird.co
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 3: Set up Upstash Redis database

Next, you'll need to set up the [Upstash](https://upstash.com) Redis database. This will be used to cache link metadata and serve link redirects.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create Upstash database">
    In your [Upstash account](https://console.upstash.com/), create a new database.

    For better performance & read times, we recommend setting up a global database with several read regions.

    <Frame>![Upstash Redis database](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/upstash-create-db.png)</Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up Upstash Redis environment variables">
    Once your database is created, copy the `UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL` and `UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN` from the **REST API** section into your `.env` file.

    <Frame>![Upstash Redis tokens](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/upstash-redis-tokens.png)</Frame>

    Navigate to the [QStash tab](https://console.upstash.com/qstash) and copy the `QSTASH_TOKEN`, `QSTASH_CURRENT_SIGNING_KEY`, and `QSTASH_NEXT_SIGNING_KEY` from the **Request Builder** section into your `.env` file.

    <Frame>![Upstash QStash tokens](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/upstash-qstash-tokens.png)</Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Optional: Set up Ngrok tunnel">
    If you're planning to run Qstash-powered background jobs locally, you'll need to set up an Ngrok tunnel to expose your local server to the internet.

    Follow [these steps](https://ngrok.com/docs/getting-started/) to setup `ngrok`, and then run the following command to start an Ngrok tunnel at port `8888`:

    ```bash Terminal
    ngrok http 8888
    ```

    Copy the `https` URL and paste it as the `NEXT_PUBLIC_NGROK_URL` environment variable in your `.env` file.
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 4: Set up PlanetScale MySQL database

Next, you'll need to set up a [PlanetScale](https://planetscale.com/)-compatible MySQL database. This will be used to store user data and link metadata. There are two options:

### Option 1: Local MySQL database with PlanetScale simulator (recommended)

You can use a local MySQL database with a PlanetScale simulator. This is the recommended option for local development since it's 100% free.

Prerequisites:

* [Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop)
* [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/)

<Steps>
  <Step title="Spin up the docker-compose stack">
    In the terminal, navigate to the `apps/web` directory and run the following command to start the Docker Compose stack:

    ```bash Terminal
    docker-compose up
    ```

    This will start two containers: one for the MySQL database and another for the PlanetScale simulator.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up database environment variables">
    Ensure the following credientials are added to your `.env` file:

    ```
    DATABASE_URL="mysql://root:@localhost:3306/planetscale"
    PLANETSCALE_DATABASE_URL="http://root:unused@localhost:3900/planetscale"
    ```

    Here, we are using the open-source [PlanetScale simulator](https://github.com/mattrobenolt/ps-http-sim) so the application can continue to use the `@planetscale/database` SDK.

    <Tip>
      While we're using two different values in local development, in production or staging environments, you'll only need the `DATABASE_URL` value.
    </Tip>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Generate Prisma client and create database tables">
    In the terminal, navigate to the `apps/web` directory and run the following command to generate the Prisma client:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm run prisma:generate
    ```

    Then, create the database tables with the following command:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm run prisma:push
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

<Tip>
  The docker-compose setup includes Mailhog, which acts as a mock SMTP server
  and shows received emails in a web UI. You can access the Mailhog web
  interface at [http://localhost:8025](http://localhost:8025). This is useful
  for testing email functionality without sending real emails during local
  development.
</Tip>

### Option 2: PlanetScale hosted database

<Note>
  PlanetScale recently [removed their free
  tier](https://planetscale.com/blog/planetscale-forever), so you'll need to pay
  for this option. A cheaper alternative is to use a [MySQL database on
  Railway](https://railway.app/template/mysql) (\$5/month).
</Note>

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create PlanetScale database">
    In your [PlanetScale account](https://app.planetscale.com/), create a new database.

    Once your database is created, you'll be prompted to select your language or Framework. Select **Prisma**.

    <Frame>
      ![PlanetScale choose framework](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/planetscale-choose-framework.png)
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up PlanetScale environment variables">
    Then, you'll have to create a new password for your database. Once the password is created, scroll down to the **Add credentials to .env** section and copy the `DATABASE_URL` into your `.env` file.

    <Frame>
      ![PlanetScale add credentials](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/planetscale-add-credentials.png)
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Generate Prisma client and create database tables">
    In the terminal, navigate to the `apps/web` directory and run the following command to generate the Prisma client:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm run prisma:generate
    ```

    Then, create the database tables with the following command:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm run prisma:push
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 5: Set up Mailhog

To view emails sent from your application during local development, you'll need to set up [Mailhog](https://github.com/mailhog/MailHog).

<Note>
  If you've already run `docker compose up` as part of the database setup, you
  can skip this step. Mailhog is included in the Docker Compose configuration
  and should already be running.
</Note>

<Steps>
  <Step title="Pull Mailhog Docker image">
    Run the following command to pull the Mailhog Docker image:

    ```bash Terminal
    docker pull mailhog/mailhog
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Start Mailhog container">
    Start the Mailhog container with the following command:

    ```bash Terminal
    docker run -d -p 8025:8025 -p 1025:1025 mailhog/mailhog
    ```

    This will run Mailhog in the background, and the web interface will be available at [http://localhost:8025](http://localhost:8025).
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 6: Set NextAuth secret

Generate a secret by visiting [https://generate-secret.vercel.app/32](https://generate-secret.vercel.app/32). Set the value of `NEXTAUTH_SECRET` in `.env` to this value.

## Step 7: Start the development server

Finally, you can start the development server. This will build the packages + start the app servers.

```bash Terminal
pnpm dev
```

The web app (`apps/web`) will be available at [localhost:8888](http://localhost:8888).

### Testing your shortlinks locally

Use the following url structure to ensure event tracking is working, and to populate analytics data, replacing `<shortlink-key>` with the shortlink key you've created.

```
http://dub.localhost:8888/<shortlink-key>
```


# Quickstart
Source: https://dub.co/docs/partners/quickstart

Learn how to set up your referral/affiliate program with Dub Partners.

<Note>
  Dub Partners require a [Business plan](https://dub.co/pricing) subscription or
  higher.
</Note>

[Dub Partners](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-partners) lets you build powerful, scalable referral and affiliate programs with 1-click global payouts and white-labeling functionality.

In this guide, we'll walk you through the steps to get started with Dub Partners:

1. [Install the `@dub/analytics` client-side SDK](#step-1-install-the-dub-analytics-client-side-sdk)
2. [Install the Dub server-side SDK + track conversion events](#step-2-install-the-dub-server-side-sdk--track-conversion-events)
3. [Set up your partner program](#step-3-set-up-your-partner-program)

## Step 1: Install the `@dub/analytics` client-side SDK

First, you'll need to install the [@dub/analytics client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction).

This script detects the `dub_id` query parameter and storing it as a first-party cookie, which will be used to attribute subsequent conversion events to the original link.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-click-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how click events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

On top of that, it also:

* lets you [track clicks on the client-side](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking) using query parameters (e.g. `?via=john`)
* [automatically fetch the partner and discount data](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking#automatically-fetching-partner-and-discount-data) for a given link – which is helpful for displaying [dual-sided incentives](https://dub.co/help/article/dual-sided-incentives)

You can install the `@dub/analytics` script in several different ways:

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="React" icon="react" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/react">
    Add Dub Analytics to your React app
  </Card>

  <Card title="Manual installation" icon="browser" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/manual">
    Add Dub Analytics to your website
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Framer"
    icon={
    <svg
      width="74"
      height="111"
      viewBox="0 0 74 111"
      fill="none"
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      className="w-7 h-7"
    >
      <path d="M0 0H73.8374V36.9892H36.9187L0 0Z" fill="#eb5611" />
      <path d="M0 36.989H36.9187L73.8374 73.9796H0V36.989Z" fill="#eb5611" />
      <path d="M0 73.9797H36.9187V110.97L0 73.9797Z" fill="#eb5611" />
    </svg>
  }
    href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/framer"
  >
    Add Dub Analytics to your Framer site
  </Card>

  <Card title="Shopify" icon="shopify" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/shopify">
    Add Dub Analytics to your Shopify store
  </Card>

  <Card title="WordPress" icon="wordpress" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/wordpress">
    Add Dub Analytics to your WP site
  </Card>

  <Card title="Webflow" icon="webflow" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/webflow">
    Add Dub Analytics to your Webflow site
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

<Check>
  You can **verify the installation** with the following tests:

  1. Open the browser console and type in `_dubAnalytics` – if the script is installed correctly, you should see the `_dubAnalytics` object in the console.
  2. Add the `?dub_id=test` query parameter to your website URL and make sure that the `dub_id` cookie is being set in your browser.

  If both of these checks pass, the script is installed correctly. Otherwise, please make sure:

  * The analytics script was added to the `<head>` section of the page
  * If you're using a content delivery network (CDN), make sure to purge any cached content
</Check>

Once the script is installed, make sure to verify that [client-side click tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking) is working as expected by checking if the following is true:

1. There is a successful `/track/click` request in your browser's **Network** tab (and no errors in the **Console** tab).
2. The `dub_id` cookie is being set upon a successful `/track/click` request.
3. The click tracked correctly in the [**Events**](https://app.dub.co/events) tab of your Dub workspace.

In case you missed it, you'll also need to allowlist your site's domain to ensure the client-side click events are ingested by Dub. To do that, navigate to your [workspace's Analytics settings page](https://app.dub.co/settings/analytics) and add your site's domain to the **Allowed Hostnames** list.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/allowed-hostnames.png" alt="Enabling conversion tracking for a workspace" />
</Frame>

<Tip>
  When testing things out locally, you can add `localhost` to the **Allowed
  Hostnames** list temporarily. This will allow local events to be ingested by
  Dub. Don't forget to remove it once you're ready to go live!
</Tip>

## Step 2: Install the Dub server-side SDK + track conversion events

<Tip>
  If you are using Shopify, you can skip this step since our Shopify app will
  automatically track conversions for you. Read the [Shopify integration
  guide](https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/shopify) for more information.
</Tip>

Dub uses server-side event tracking to track conversions, which is more reliable than client-side tracking. Depending on which framework you're using, you can use our [native SDKs](/sdks/overview):

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="TypeScript" icon="npm" href="/sdks/typescript" horizontal>
    TypeScript library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Go" icon="golang" href="/sdks/quickstart/go" iconType="brands" horizontal>
    Go library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Python" icon="python" href="/sdks/quickstart/python" horizontal>
    Python library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Ruby" icon="gem" href="/sdks/quickstart/ruby" horizontal>
    Ruby library for the Dub API
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

If you're using a framework that isn't listed, you can use the Dub REST API to track events on the server-side:

* [`POST /track/lead`](https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-lead)
* [`POST /track/sale`](https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale)

Once you install the SDKs, you can start tracking conversion events.

### Tracking lead events

The first event you'll want to track is a `lead` event. This happens when a user performs an action that indicates interest in your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Signing up for an account
* Adding a product to cart
* Joining a mailing list

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

Our most common lead event is `Sign Up`, which happens when a user signs up for an account. Depending on which authentication framework you're using, here are a few examples of how to send `Sign Up` lead events:

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="Clerk" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/clerk" horizontal />

  <Card title="Better Auth" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/better-auth" horizontal />

  <Card title="NextAuth.js" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/next-auth" horizontal />

  <Card title="Supabase" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/supabase" horizontal />

  <Card title="Auth0" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/auth0" horizontal />

  <Card title="Appwrite" icon="shield-halved" iconType="solid" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/appwrite" horizontal />
</CardGroup>

The lead event will serve as the source of truth for the customer's identity and which link they came from. This means that all subsequent actions performed by the customer (e.g. upgrading their plan, purchasing a product) will automatically be attributed to the original link.

To learn more about tracking lead events with Dub, refer to the following resources:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Tracking lead events" icon="book-open" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/leads/introduction">
    Read the full guide on tracking lead events with Dub
  </Card>

  <Card title="POST /track/lead endpoint" icon="code" href="https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-lead">
    View the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a lead event
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

### Tracking sale events

The second event you'll want to send is a `sale` event. This happens when a user purchases your product or service. This could be anything from:

* Subscribing to a paid plan
* Usage expansion (upgrading from one plan to another)
* Purchasing a product

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-sale-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how sale events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

Depending on which payment processor you're using, we offer native integrations for the following:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Stripe" icon="stripe" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/stripe" horizontal />

  <Card title="Shopify" icon="shopify" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/shopify" horizontal />
</CardGroup>

Alternatively, you can also send sale events manually using [our SDKs](/sdks/overview) or the [`POST /track/sale` API endpoint](https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale).

To learn more about tracking sale events with Dub, refer to the following resources:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Tracking sale events" icon="book-open" href="https://dub.co/docs/conversions/sales/introduction">
    Read the full guide on tracking sale events with Dub
  </Card>

  <Card title="POST /track/sale endpoint" icon="code" href="https://dub.co/docs/api-reference/endpoint/track-sale">
    View the full list of attributes you can pass when sending a sale event
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Step 3: Set up your partner program

Once you have conversion tracking up and running, you can follow these steps to set up your partner program:

1. Go through the [program onboarding flow](https://app.dub.co/program/new) to create your program.
   * If you're migrating from another platform, you can also import your partners and historical conversions (e.g. [from Rewardful](https://dub.co/help/article/migrating-from-rewardful)).
2. [Connect your bank account](https://dub.co/help/article/how-to-set-up-bank-account) for partner payouts.
3. [Invite your partners](https://dub.co/help/article/inviting-partners) to join your program + set up a branded [program landing page](https://dub.co/help/article/program-landing-page) for future partners.
4. Create [custom reward rules](https://dub.co/help/article/partner-rewards) and [dual-sided incentives](https://dub.co/help/article/dual-sided-incentives) to incentivize partners to share your link with others.
5. Set up a [whitelabeled referral dashboard](/partners/white-labeling) that lives directly inside your app so your users can automatically enroll in your partner program without leaving your app.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/cms/dub-partners.jpg" alt="Dub Partners" />
</Frame>


# White-labeling
Source: https://dub.co/docs/partners/white-labeling

Learn how to create a white-labeled referral dashboard with Dub Partners.

<Note>
  Dub Partners whitelabeling require an [Advanced plan](https://dub.co/pricing)
  subscription or higher.
</Note>

With [Dub Partners](/partners/quickstart), you can build a white-labeled referral dashboard that lives directly inside your app in just a few lines of code.

This way, your users can automatically enroll in your partner program **without needing to leave your app and sign up on a third-party platform**.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/dub-referrals-demo.png" alt="A screenshot of the Dub Referrals Embed" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we'll walk you through the steps to get started with the Dub Referrals Embed.

## Step 1: Generate embed token

First, you need to create a server API route that generates a public token, which will be used by the Dub Referrals Embed to fetch real-time conversions and earnings data from the client-side.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/embed-token-diagram.png" alt="A diagram of the embed token flow" />
</Frame>

### Using server-side SDKs

If you're using our [server-side SDKs](/sdks/overview), you can generate an embed token using the `dub.embedTokens.referrals` method.

<CodeGroup>
  ```ts TypeScript
  const { publicToken } = await dub.embedTokens.referrals({
    tenantId: user.id, // the user's ID within your application
    partner: {
      name: user.name, // the user's name
      email: user.email, // the user's email
      image: user.image, // the user's image/avatar
      tenantId: user.id, // the user's ID within your application
    },
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.embed_tokens.referrals(request={
          "tenant_id": user.id,  # the user's ID within your application
          "partner": {
              "name": user.name,  # the user's name
              "email": user.email,  # the user's email
              "image": user.image,  # the user's image/avatar
              "tenant_id": user.id,  # the user's ID within your application
          },
      })

      # Handle response
      print(res.public_token)
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.EmbedTokens.Referrals(ctx, &operations.CreateReferralsEmbedTokenRequestBody{
          TenantID: user.ID, // the user's ID within your application
          Partner: &operations.Partner{
              Name: user.Name, // the user's name
              Email: user.Email, // the user's email
              Image: user.Image, // the user's image/avatar
              TenantID: user.ID, // the user's ID within your application
          },
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // Handle response
          log.Printf("Public token: %s", res.PublicToken)
      }
  }
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\CreateReferralsEmbedTokenRequestBody(
      tenantId: $user->id, // the user's ID within your application
      partner: new Operations\Partner(
          name: $user->name, // the user's name
          email: $user->email, // the user's email
          image: $user->image, // the user's image/avatar
          tenantId: $user->id, // the user's ID within your application
      ),
  );

  $response = $sdk->embedTokens->referrals(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->object !== null) {
      // Handle response
      echo $response->object->publicToken;
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
      security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
      ),
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateReferralsEmbedTokenRequestBody.new(
      tenant_id: user.id, # the user's ID within your application
      partner: ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::Partner.new(
          name: user.name, # the user's name
          email: user.email, # the user's email
          image: user.image, # the user's image/avatar
          tenant_id: user.id, # the user's ID within your application
      ),
  )

  res = s.embed_tokens.referrals(req)

  if !res.object.nil?
      # Handle response
      puts res.object.public_token
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Using REST API

If you're not using our server-side SDKs, you can generate an embed token using our REST API instead (via the [`POST /tokens/embed/referrals`](/api-reference/endpoint/create-referrals-embed-token) endpoint).

```js JavaScript
const response = await fetch("https://api.dub.co/tokens/embed/referrals", {
  method: "POST",
  body: JSON.stringify({
    tenantId: user.id, // the user's ID within your application
    partner: {
      name: user.name, // the user's name
      email: user.email, // the user's email
      image: user.image, // the user's image/avatar
      tenantId: user.id, // the user's ID within your application
    },
  }),
});

const data = await response.json();

const { publicToken } = data;
```

Refer to the [full API reference](/api-reference/endpoint/create-referrals-embed-token) to learn more about the properties you can pass to the `POST /tokens/embed/referrals` endpoint.

## Step 2: Install the embed

Then, with the `publicToken` from Step 1, you can install and initialize the Dub Referrals Embed. There are two ways to do this:

### React component

First, install the [NPM package](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@dub/embed-react):

<CodeGroup>
  ```bash npm
  npm install @dub/embed-react
  ```

  ```bash yarn
  yarn add @dub/embed-react
  ```

  ```bash pnpm
  pnpm add @dub/embed-react
  ```

  ```bash bun
  bun add @dub/embed-react
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Then use the component in your React application:

```tsx
import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
import { DubEmbed } from "@dub/embed-react";

export default function App() {
  const [publicToken, setPublicToken] = useState("");

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchPublicToken = async () => {
      // fetching from the server API route you created in Step 1
      const response = await fetch("/api/embed-token");
      const data = await response.json();
      setPublicToken(data.publicToken);
    };

    fetchPublicToken();
  }, []);

  if (!publicToken) {
    return <div>Loading...</div>;
  }

  return <DubEmbed data="referrals" token={publicToken} />;
}
```

### Iframe embed

Alternatively, if you're not using React (or you're not on React `v18.2.0` or higher), you can add the iframe directly to your HTML:

```tsx
import { useState, useEffect } from "react";

export default function App() {
  const [publicToken, setPublicToken] = useState("");

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchPublicToken = async () => {
      // fetching from the server API route you created in Step 1
      const response = await fetch("/api/embed-token");
      const data = await response.json();
      setPublicToken(data.publicToken);
    };

    fetchPublicToken();
  }, []);

  if (!publicToken) {
    return <div>Loading...</div>;
  }

  return (
    <iframe
      src={`https://app.dub.co/embed/referrals?token=${publicToken}`}
      allow="clipboard-write"
      class="h-screen w-full"
    />
  );
}
```

## Embed options

The Dub Referrals Embed supports the following options for styling and behavior:

<ParamField body="data" type="referrals | analytics" required>
  The type of embed to use. In this case, we're using the `referrals` type.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="theme" type="light | dark | system" default="light">
  The theme of the embed.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="themeOptions" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Available options:

  * `backgroundColor`: The background color of the embed.
</ParamField>

Depending on the embed type, you can use the following examples to initialize the embed options:

<CodeGroup>
  ```tsx React component
  import { DubEmbed } from "@dub/embed-react";

  const publicToken = "...";

  <DubEmbed
    data="referrals"
    token={publicToken}
    theme="light"
    themeOptions={{
      backgroundColor: "#F5F5F5",
    }}
  />;
  ```

  ```tsx iFrame embed
  const publicToken = "...";

  const iframeUrl = "https://app.dub.co/embed/referrals";

  const iframeParams = new URLSearchParams({
    token: publicToken,
    theme: "light",
    themeOptions: JSON.stringify({ backgroundColor: "#F5F5F5" }),
  });

  <iframe
    src={`${iframeUrl}?${iframeParams.toString()}`}
    allow="clipboard-write"
    class="h-screen w-full"
  />;
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Example Apps

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Dub Referrals Embed Demo App" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/embed/referrals" color="#333333">
    See the full example on GitHub.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Client-side click-tracking
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking

Track clicks on the client-side using query parameters

With the [`@dub/analytics` script](/sdks/client-side/introduction), you can track clicks on the client-side using query parameters (e.g. `?via=john`, `?ref=jane`).

A few use cases include:

* You're using [Dub Partners](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-partners) with [dual-sided incentives](https://dub.co/help/article/dual-sided-incentives) and want to display a banner that says: *"John referred you to Acme and gave you 25% off"*
* You are migrating from an existing affiliate management platform (e.g. [Rewardful](https://dub.co/help/article/migrating-from-rewardful)) that uses query parameters to track conversions.
* You are running an ad on a platform like Google/Reddit that requires you to use your main site domain for the URL (no short links allowed) – so instead of using a short link, you can use a query parameter to track clicks.
* You have dynamically generated referral pages (e.g. [Tesla](https://www.tesla.com/referral/peeroke520149)) and want to track clicks [using a `trackClick()` function](#manually-tracking-clicks-with-the-trackclick-function) inside your application code.

## Quickstart

Here's how you can enable client-side click-tracking with the `@dub/analytics` script:

<Steps>
  <Step title="Add a custom domain to your Dub workspace">
    First, you'll need to [add a custom short link domain](https://dub.co/help/article/how-to-add-custom-domain) to your Dub workspace. You can use a domain you already own, or leverage our [free .link domain offer](https://dub.co/help/article/free-dot-link-domain) to register a custom domain like `yourcompany.link` for free.

    This is the domain that you'll use for your short links on Dub.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Allowlist your site's domain">
    Then, you'll need to allowlist your site's domain to allow the client-side click events to be ingested by Dub. To do that, navigate to your [workspace's Analytics settings page](https://app.dub.co/settings/analytics) and add your site's domain to the **Allowed Hostnames** list.

    <Frame>
      <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/conversions/allowed-hostnames.png" alt="Enabling conversion tracking for a workspace" />
    </Frame>

    You can group your hostnames when adding them to the allow list:

    * `example.com`: Tracks traffic **only** from `example.com`.
    * `*.example.com`: Tracks traffic from **all subdomains** of `example.com`, but **not** from `example.com` itself.

    <Tip>
      When testing things out locally, you can add `localhost` to the **Allowed
      Hostnames** list temporarily. This will allow local events to be ingested by
      Dub. Don't forget to remove it once you're ready to go live!
    </Tip>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Install the Dub client-side SDK">
    Next, install the Dub [client-side SDK](/sdks/client-side/introduction) and initialize it with the domain you added in the previous step.

    <CodeGroup>
      ```typescript React/Next.js
      // install the package (e.g. npm install @dub/analytics)
      import { Analytics as DubAnalytics } from "@dub/analytics/react";

      export default function App() {
        return (
          <Layout>
            <DubAnalytics
              domainsConfig={{
                refer: "go.example.com", // the custom domain you're using on Dub for your short links
              }}
            />
            {/* Your app code here */}
          </Layout>
        );
      }
      ```

      ```javascript Other Frameworks
      // include this script tag in your HTML Head tag
      <script
        src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
        data-domains='{"refer": "go.example.com"}'
        defer
      ></script>
      ```
    </CodeGroup>

    Here's the full list of parameters you can pass to the script:

    <Accordion title="Parameters">
      <ParamField body="apiHost" type="url" default="https://api.dub.co">
        The base URL for the Dub API. This is useful for [setting up reverse
        proxies](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support) to avoid
        adblockers.
      </ParamField>

      <ParamField body="attributionModel" type="first-click | last-click" default="last-click">
        The attribution model to use for the analytics event. The following
        attribution models are available:

        * `first-click`: The first click model
          gives all the credit to the first touchpoint in the customer journey.
        * `last-click`: The last click model gives all the credit to the last
          touchpoint in the customer journey.
      </ParamField>

      <ParamField body="cookieOptions" type="CookieOption Object">
        <Expandable title="properties">
          <ParamField body="domain" type="string">
            Specifies the value for the `Domain` Set-Cookie attribute. This is useful
            for cross-domain tracking. Example: `.example.com`
          </ParamField>

          <ParamField body="expires" type="integer" default="90">
            Specifies the `Date` object to be the value for the `Expires` Set-Cookie
            attribute. Example: `new Date('2024-12-31')`
          </ParamField>

          <ParamField body="expiresInDays" type="integer" default="90">
            Specifies the number (in days) to be the value for the `Expires`
            Set-Cookie attribute. Example: `90`
          </ParamField>

          <ParamField body="path" type="string" default="/">
            Specifies the value for the `Path` Set-Cookie attribute. By default, the
            path is considered the "default path". Example: `/`
          </ParamField>
        </Expandable>
      </ParamField>

      <ParamField body="domainsConfig" type="JSON-stringified object">
        Configure the domains that Dub will track. The following properties are available:

        <Expandable title="properties">
          <ParamField body="refer" type="string">
            The Dub custom domain for [referral program client-side click tracking](http://d.to/clicks/refer)
            (previously `shortDomain`).
            Example: `refer.dub.co`
          </ParamField>

          <ParamField body="site" type="string">
            The Dub short domain for tracking site visits.
            Example: `site.dub.co`
          </ParamField>

          <ParamField body="outbound" type="string | string[]">
            An array of domains for cross-domain tracking. When configured, the existing
            `dub_id` cookie will be automatically appended to all outbound links
            targeting these domains to enable cross-domain tracking across different
            applications.
            Example: `["dub.sh", "git.new"]`
          </ParamField>
        </Expandable>
      </ParamField>

      <ParamField body="queryParam" type="string" default="via">
        The query parameter to listen to for client-side click-tracking (e.g.
        `?via=abc123`).
      </ParamField>

      <ParamField body="scriptProps" type="HTMLScriptElement Object">
        Custom properties to pass to the script tag. Refer to
        [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLScriptElement) for
        all available options.
      </ParamField>
    </Accordion>
  </Step>

  <Step title="(Optional, but recommended): Set up a reverse proxy">
    To avoid ad-blockers from blocking your click-tracking requests, we recommend setting up a reverse proxy.

    Refer to the [Reverse-proxy support](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support) guide to learn how to set one up.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Verify your setup">
    To verify that your click-tracking is working, run your website locally and append the URL with the unique key of your short link

    For example, if your short link is `https://go.example.com/abc123`, you'll need to append `?via=abc123` to the URL.

    Once you've done that, check if the following is true:

    1. There is a successful `/track/click` request in your browser's **Network** tab (and no errors in the **Console** tab).
    2. The `dub_id` cookie is being set upon a successful `/track/click` request.
    3. The click tracked correctly in the [**Events**](https://app.dub.co/events) tab of your Dub workspace.
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Automatically fetching partner and discount data

If you're using [Dub Partners](/partners/quickstart) with [dual-sided incentives](https://dub.co/help/article/dual-sided-incentives), the script will automatically fetch the partner and discount data for you when someone lands on your site via a valid referral link.

This data will be stored as a JSON-stringified object in the `dub_partner_data` cookie in the following format:

```json
{
  "clickId": "xxx", // unique ID of the click event
  "partner": {
    "id": "pn_xxx", // unique ID of the partner on Dub
    "name": "John Doe", // name of the partner
    "image": "https://example.com/john.png" // avatar of the partner
  },
  "discount": {
    "id": "disc_xxx", // unique ID of the discount on Dub
    "amount": 25, // discount amount (either a percentage or a fixed amount)
    "type": "percentage", // type of the discount (either "percentage" or "fixed")
    "maxDuration": 3, // maximum duration of the discount in months
    "couponId": "XZuejd0Q", // Stripe coupon code
    "couponTestId": "2NMXz81x" // Stripe test coupon ID
  }
}
```

<Note>
  The `name` and `image` fields in the partner data are URL-encoded when stored
  in the cookie. Make sure to decode these values using `decodeURIComponent()`
  when accessing them from the cookie. However, if you're using `js-cookie` as
  shown in the example below, the decoding is handled automatically for you.
</Note>

To access this cookie data, we recommend using a cookie library like [`js-cookie`](https://github.com/js-cookie/js-cookie) – here's an example:

```js
import Cookies from "js-cookie";

const dubPartnerData = Cookies.get("dub_partner_data");
const { partner, discount } = dubPartnerData ? JSON.parse(dubPartnerData) : {};

// Display a banner that says: _"John referred you to Acme and gave you 25% off"_

return (
  <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
    <img src={image} alt={name} className="size-6 rounded-full" />
    <p>
      {name} referred you to Acme and gave you {amount} {type} off
    </p>
  </div>
);
```

Here's an example of how the discount banner will look like:

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/dub-partner-data.png" alt="A screenshot of the Dub partner data example" />
</Frame>

## Manually tracking clicks with the `trackClick()` function

This is helpful for tracking clicks on:

* Dynamically generated referral pages (e.g. [Tesla](https://www.tesla.com/referral/peeroke520149))
* Dynamic user-generated content/webpages:
  * Dub's public analytics dashboards (e.g. [app.dub.co/share/:slug](https://app.dub.co/share/dash_6NSA6vNm017MZwfzt8SubNSZ))
  * Cal.com's booking pages (e.g. [cal.com/steven](https://cal.com/steven))
  * Tella's video pages (e.g. [tella.tv/video/:slug](https://www.tella.tv/video/cluvcfcfi00tw0fjrgizr4pw2))

<Note>
  This feature is coming soon. If you'd like early access, please [contact
  us](https://dub.co/contact/support).
</Note>

## Differences from server-side click-tracking

Server-side click-tracking is enabled by default for all Dub links and come with the following attributes:

| Attribute    | Type    | Description                                                                                      |
| :----------- | :------ | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `timestamp`  | string  | The timestamp of the click event                                                                 |
| `id`         | string  | The unique ID of the click event                                                                 |
| `url`        | string  | The destination URL that the link resolved to – this can vary if geo/device-targeting is enabled |
| `continent`  | string  | The continent of the user who clicked the link                                                   |
| `country`    | string  | The country of the user who clicked the link                                                     |
| `city`       | string  | The city of the user who clicked the link                                                        |
| `device`     | string  | The device of the user who clicked the link                                                      |
| `browser`    | string  | The browser of the user who clicked the link                                                     |
| `os`         | string  | The operating system of the user who clicked the link                                            |
| `referer`    | string  | The referrer of the user who clicked the link                                                    |
| `refererUrl` | string  | The full referrer URL of the user who clicked the link                                           |
| `qr`         | boolean | Whether the click event was triggered by a QR code scan                                          |
| `ip`         | string  | The IP address of the user who clicked the link (non-EU users only)                              |

These events happen on the server-side and cannot be blocked by browser extensions or ad-blockers, which improves the accuracy of your analytics data.


# Conversion-tracking
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/features/conversion-tracking

Learn how to use the @dub/analytics script to track conversion events

`@dub/analytics` is a client-side script for [tracking conversion events](/conversions/quickstart) with Dub.

By default, the script handles the detection of the `dub_id` query parameter and storing it as a first-party cookie:

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-click-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how click events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

Then, when a conversion event occurs (e.g. a user signs up for an account), you can check for the `dub_id` cookie and attribute the conversion to the original click by [tracking a lead event](/conversions/leads/introduction).

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-lead-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how lead events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

Finally, when the user completes a purchase (e.g. subscribing to a plan, purchasing a product, etc.), you can [track a sale event](/conversions/sales/introduction). Under the hood, Dub will automatically attribute the sale to the original link click.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-sale-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how sale events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>


# Cross-domain tracking
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/features/cross-domain-tracking

Track conversions across domains

By default, the script already sets the `dub_id` cookie on a **cross-domain level**.

This means that if you have the script installed on your marketing site (e.g. **example.com**), the cookie will also be accessible when your user signs up for your app (e.g. **app.example.com**).

However, if you are installing the script on a subdomain (e.g. **app.example.com**), you will need to set the following option to make sure the cookie is accessible on the apex domain as well (e.g. **example.com**):

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript React
  <DubAnalytics
    cookieOptions={{
      domain: ".example.com",
    }}
  />
  ```

  ```html Other
  <script
    src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
    data-cookie-options='{"domain": ".example.com"}'
  ></script>
  ```
</CodeGroup>

The script also supports conversion tracking across *entirely different domains*.

This means that if you have the script installed on a separate domain (e.g. **example.sh**), you can use the `outboundDomains` prop to ensure that the `dub_id` cookie value is automatically appended to all outbound links targeting your main domain (e.g. **example.com**).

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript React
  // install this script on both domains
  <DubAnalytics
    domainsConfig={{
      outbound: ["example.com", "example.sh"],
    }}
  />
  ```

  ```html Other
  <script
    src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.outbound-domains.js"
    data-domains="{'outbound': ['example.com', 'example.sh']}"
  ></script>
  ```
</CodeGroup>

<Tip>
  For outbound-domains support, you'll need to use the
  [`script.outbound-domains.js`](/sdks/client-side/variants#outbound-domains-variant-script-outbound-domains-js)
  variant of the script. Learn more about [how script variants
  work](/sdks/client-side/variants).
</Tip>


# Reverse-proxy support
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support

Track clicks on the client-side using a reverse proxy

## Tracking clicks via a reverse proxy

To avoid ad-blockers from blocking your click-tracking requests, we recommend setting up a reverse proxy.

Depending on which backend framework you're using, there are a few different ways to do this:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Next.js
  // next.config.js
  module.exports = {
    async rewrites() {
      return [
        {
          source: "/_proxy/dub/track/:path",
          destination: "https://api.dub.co/track/:path",
        },
      ];
    },
  };
  ```

  ```json Vercel
  // vercel.json
  {
    "rewrites": [
      {
        "source": "/_proxy/dub/track/:path",
        "destination": "https://api.dub.co/track/:path"
      }
    ]
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Once you've set up your reverse proxy, don't forget to update the `apiHost` parameter in the `<Analytics />` component to point to your proxy URL.

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript React/Next.js
  import { Analytics as DubAnalytics } from "@dub/analytics/react";

  export default function App() {
    return (
      <Layout>
        <DubAnalytics
          apiHost="/_proxy/dub" // the URL of your reverse proxy
          domainsConfig={{
            refer: "go.example.com", // the custom domain you're using on Dub for your short links
          }}
          queryParam="via" // optional: query parameter to listen to for client-side click-tracking (default: "via")
        />
        {/* Your app code here */}
      </Layout>
    );
  }
  ```

  ```javascript Other Frameworks
  // include this script tag in your HTML Head tag
  <script
    src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
    data-api-host="/_proxy/dub"
    data-domains='{"refer": "go.example.com"}'
    defer
  ></script>
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Loading the script via a reverse proxy

To avoid ad-blockers from blocking the `@dub/analytics` script, it is recommended to use a reverse proxy.

Depending on which backend framework you're using, there are a few different ways to do this:

<CodeGroup>
  ```javascript Next.js
  // next.config.js
  module.exports = {
    async rewrites() {
      return [
        {
          source: "/_proxy/dub/script.js",
          destination: "https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js",
        },
      ];
    },
  };
  ```

  ```json Vercel
  // vercel.json
  {
    "rewrites": [
      {
        "source": "/_proxy/dub/script.js",
        "destination": "https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
      }
    ]
  }
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Once you've set up your reverse proxy, don't forget to update the `scriptProps.src` parameter in the `<Analytics />` component to point to your proxy URL.

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript React/Next.js
  import { Analytics as DubAnalytics } from "@dub/analytics/react";

  export default function App() {
    return (
      <Layout>
        <DubAnalytics
          scriptProps={{
            src: "/_proxy/dub/script.js", // pointing to your reverse proxy
          }}
        />
        {/* Your app code here */}
      </Layout>
    );
  }
  ```

  ```javascript Other Frameworks
  // include this script tag in your HTML Head tag
  <script
    src="/_proxy/dub/script.js" // pointing to your reverse proxy
    defer
  ></script>
  ```
</CodeGroup>


# Framer
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/framer

How to add @dub/analytics to your Framer site

With `@dub/analytics`, you can track lead and sale conversions on your Framer site, enabling you to measure the effectiveness of your marketing campaigns.

You can add the `@dub/analytics` script to your Framer website same way you would add Google Analytics script or any other JavaScript code.

Follow these steps to add the script to your site:

* Go to your Framer project and open the **Project Settings** menu.
* Open the **General** tab and scroll down to the **Custom Code** section.
* Paste the Dub analytics script in the **Start of head tag** section.
* Click on the **Save** button to save the changes.

```html
<script src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js" defer></script>
```

If you're using [Dub Partners](/partners/quickstart) for affiliate management, you will also need to set up the `data-domains` property to enable [client-side click-tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking).

```html
<script
  src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
  defer
  data-domains='{"refer":"yourcompany.link"}'
></script>
```

Read the [client-side click-tracking guide](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking) for more information.

<Check>
  You can **verify the installation** with the following tests:

  1. Open the browser console and type in `_dubAnalytics` – if the script is installed correctly, you should see the `_dubAnalytics` object in the console.
  2. Add the `?dub_id=test` query parameter to your website URL and make sure that the `dub_id` cookie is being set in your browser.

  If both of these checks pass, the script is installed correctly. Otherwise, please make sure:

  * The analytics script was added to the `<head>` section of the page
  * If you're using a content delivery network (CDN), make sure to purge any cached content
</Check>

## Concepts

You can pass the following props to the `@dub/analytics` script to customize its behavior:

<ParamField body="data-api-host" type="url" default="https://api.dub.co">
  The base URL for the Dub API. This is useful for [setting up reverse
  proxies](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support) to avoid
  adblockers.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-attribution-model" type="first-click | last-click" default="last-click">
  The attribution model to use for the analytics event. The following
  attribution models are available:

  * `first-click`: The first click model
    gives all the credit to the first touchpoint in the customer journey.
  * `last-click`: The last click model gives all the credit to the last
    touchpoint in the customer journey.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-cookie-options" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Custom properties to pass to the cookie. Refer to
  [MDN's Set-Cookie documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie) for
  all available options.

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="domain" type="string">
      Specifies the value for the `Domain` Set-Cookie attribute. This is useful
      for cross-domain tracking. Example: `.example.com`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expires" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the `Date` object to be the value for the `Expires` Set-Cookie
      attribute. Example: `new Date('2024-12-31')`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expiresInDays" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the number (in days) to be the value for the `Expires`
      Set-Cookie attribute.

      For example, to set the cookie window to 60 days (instead of the default 90 days), you can add the following to your script:

      ```html
      <script
        src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
        defer
        data-cookie-options='{"expiresInDays": 60}'
      ></script>
      ```
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="path" type="string" default="/">
      Specifies the value for the `Path` Set-Cookie attribute. By default, the
      path is considered the "default path". Example: `/`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-domains" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Configure the domains that Dub will track. The following properties are available:

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="refer" type="string">
      The Dub custom domain for [referral program client-side click tracking](http://d.to/clicks/refer) (previously `data-short-domain`).
      Example: `refer.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="site" type="string">
      The Dub short domain for tracking site visits.
      Example: `site.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="outbound" type="string | string[]">
      An array of domains for cross-domain tracking. When configured, the existing `dub_id` cookie
      will be automatically appended to all outbound links targeting these domains to enable
      cross-domain tracking across different applications.
      Example: `"dub.sh, git.new"`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-query-param" type="string" default="via">
  The query parameter to listen to for client-side click-tracking (e.g.
  `?via=abc123`).
</ParamField>


# Manual Installation
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/manual

How to add @dub/analytics to your website

With `@dub/analytics`, you can track lead and sale conversions on your website, enabling you to measure the effectiveness of your marketing campaigns.

You can add the `@dub/analytics` script to your website same way you would add Google Analytics script or any other JavaScript code – by adding the `@dub/analytics` script in the `<head>` section of your HTML file.

```html
<script src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js" defer></script>
```

If you're using [Dub Partners](/partners/quickstart) for affiliate management, you will also need to set up the `data-domains` property to enable [client-side click-tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking).

```html
<script
  src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
  defer
  data-domains='{"refer":"yourcompany.link"}'
></script>
```

Read the [client-side click-tracking guide](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking) for more information.

<Check>
  You can **verify the installation** with the following tests:

  1. Open the browser console and type in `_dubAnalytics` – if the script is installed correctly, you should see the `_dubAnalytics` object in the console.
  2. Add the `?dub_id=test` query parameter to your website URL and make sure that the `dub_id` cookie is being set in your browser.

  If both of these checks pass, the script is installed correctly. Otherwise, please make sure:

  * The analytics script was added to the `<head>` section of the page
  * If you're using a content delivery network (CDN), make sure to purge any cached content
</Check>

## Concepts

You can pass the following props to the `@dub/analytics` script to customize its behavior:

<ParamField body="data-api-host" type="url" default="https://api.dub.co">
  The base URL for the Dub API. This is useful for [setting up reverse
  proxies](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support) to avoid
  adblockers.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-attribution-model" type="first-click | last-click" default="last-click">
  The attribution model to use for the analytics event. The following
  attribution models are available:

  * `first-click`: The first click model
    gives all the credit to the first touchpoint in the customer journey.
  * `last-click`: The last click model gives all the credit to the last
    touchpoint in the customer journey.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-cookie-options" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Custom properties to pass to the cookie. Refer to
  [MDN's Set-Cookie documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie) for
  all available options.

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="domain" type="string">
      Specifies the value for the `Domain` Set-Cookie attribute. This is useful
      for cross-domain tracking. Example: `.example.com`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expires" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the `Date` object to be the value for the `Expires` Set-Cookie
      attribute. Example: `new Date('2024-12-31')`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expiresInDays" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the number (in days) to be the value for the `Expires`
      Set-Cookie attribute.

      For example, to set the cookie window to 60 days (instead of the default 90 days), you can add the following to your script:

      ```html
      <script
        src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
        defer
        data-cookie-options='{"expiresInDays": 60}'
      ></script>
      ```
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="path" type="string" default="/">
      Specifies the value for the `Path` Set-Cookie attribute. By default, the
      path is considered the "default path". Example: `/`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-domains" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Configure the domains that Dub will track. The following properties are available:

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="refer" type="string">
      The Dub custom domain for [referral program client-side click tracking](http://d.to/clicks/refer) (previously `data-short-domain`).
      Example: `refer.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="site" type="string">
      The Dub short domain for tracking site visits.
      Example: `site.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="outbound" type="string | string[]">
      An array of domains for cross-domain tracking. When configured, the existing `dub_id` cookie
      will be automatically appended to all outbound links targeting these domains to enable
      cross-domain tracking across different applications.
      Example: `"dub.sh, git.new"`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-query-param" type="string" default="via">
  The query parameter to listen to for client-side click-tracking (e.g.
  `?via=abc123`).
</ParamField>


# React
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/react

How to add @dub/analytics to your React or Next.js site

With Dub Analytics, you can track lead and sale conversions on your website, enabling you to measure the effectiveness of your marketing campaigns.

## Quickstart

This quick start guide will show you how to get started with Dub Analytics on your website.

<Steps titleSize="h3">
  <Step title="Install package">
    Using the package manager of your choice, add the `@dub/analytics` to your project.

    <CodeGroup>
      ```bash npm
      npm install @dub/analytics
      ```

      ```bash pnpm
      pnpm add @dub/analytics
      ```

      ```bash yarn
      yarn add @dub/analytics
      ```

      ```bash bun
      bun add @dub/analytics
      ```
    </CodeGroup>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Initialize package in your code">
    If you are using a React framework, you can use the `<Analytics />` component to track conversions on your website.

    E.g. if you're using Next.js, you can add the `<Analytics />` component to your root layout component or any other pages where you want to track conversions.

    ```jsx app/layout.tsx
    import { Analytics as DubAnalytics } from '@dub/analytics/react';

    export default function RootLayout({
      children,
    }: Readonly<{
      children: React.ReactNode;
    }>) {
      return (
        <html lang="en">
          <body>{children}</body>
          <DubAnalytics />
        </html>
      );
    }
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Optional: Set up client-side click tracking">
    If you're using [Dub Partners](/partners/quickstart) for affiliate management,  you will also need to set up the `domainsConfig.refer` property to enable [client-side click-tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking).

    ```jsx app/layout.tsx
    import { Analytics as DubAnalytics } from '@dub/analytics/react';

    export default function RootLayout({
      children,
    }: Readonly<{
      children: React.ReactNode;
    }>) {
      return (
        <html lang="en">
          <body>{children}</body>
          <DubAnalytics domainsConfig={{
            refer: "yourcompany.link"
          }} />
        </html>
      );
    }
    ```

    Read the [client-side click-tracking guide](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking) for more information.
  </Step>
</Steps>

<Check>
  You can **verify the installation** with the following tests:

  1. Open the browser console and type in `_dubAnalytics` – if the script is installed correctly, you should see the `_dubAnalytics` object in the console.
  2. Add the `?dub_id=test` query parameter to your website URL and make sure that the `dub_id` cookie is being set in your browser.

  If both of these checks pass, the script is installed correctly. Otherwise, please make sure:

  * The analytics script was added to the `<head>` section of the page
  * If you're using a content delivery network (CDN), make sure to purge any cached content
</Check>

## Concepts

You can pass the following props to the `<Analytics />` component to customize its behavior:

<ParamField body="apiHost" type="url" default="https://api.dub.co">
  The base URL for the Dub API. This is useful for [setting up reverse
  proxies](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support) to avoid
  adblockers.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="attributionModel" type="first-click | last-click" default="last-click">
  The attribution model to use for the analytics event. The following
  attribution models are available:

  * `first-click`: The first click model
    gives all the credit to the first touchpoint in the customer journey.
  * `last-click`: The last click model gives all the credit to the last
    touchpoint in the customer journey.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="cookieOptions" type="CookieOption Object">
  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="domain" type="string">
      Specifies the value for the `Domain` Set-Cookie attribute. This is useful
      for cross-domain tracking. Example: `.example.com`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expires" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the `Date` object to be the value for the `Expires` Set-Cookie
      attribute. Example: `new Date('2024-12-31')`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expiresInDays" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the number (in days) to be the value for the `Expires`
      Set-Cookie attribute. Example: `90`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="path" type="string" default="/">
      Specifies the value for the `Path` Set-Cookie attribute. By default, the
      path is considered the "default path". Example: `/`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="domainsConfig" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Configure the domains that Dub will track. The following properties are available:

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="refer" type="string">
      The Dub custom domain for [referral program client-side click tracking](http://d.to/clicks/refer)
      (previously `shortDomain`).
      Example: `refer.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="site" type="string">
      The Dub short domain for tracking site visits.
      Example: `site.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="outbound" type="string | string[]">
      An array of domains for cross-domain tracking. When configured, the existing
      `dub_id` cookie will be automatically appended to all outbound links
      targeting these domains to enable cross-domain tracking across different
      applications.
      Example: `["dub.sh", "git.new"]`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="queryParam" type="string" default="via">
  The query parameter to listen to for client-side click-tracking (e.g.
  `?via=abc123`).
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="scriptProps" type="HTMLScriptElement Object">
  Custom properties to pass to the script tag. Refer to
  [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLScriptElement) for
  all available options.
</ParamField>


# Shopify
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/shopify

How to add @dub/analytics to your Shopify store

With `@dub/analytics`, you can track lead and sale conversions on your Shopify store, enabling you to measure the effectiveness of your marketing campaigns.

You can add the `@dub/analytics` script to your Shopify store simply by installing the [Dub Shopify App](https://d.to/shopify/app) from the App Store.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/shopify/shopify-app.png" alt="The connection status in the Dub Conversions app" />
</Frame>

Then, make sure to activate the `@dub/analytics` script by following these steps:

1. Navigate to your Shopify admin panel.
2. Go to **Online Store** > **Themes**.
3. Click on **Customize** for your current theme.
4. In the theme editor, select the **App embeds** tab.
5. Locate the **Analytics Script** for the Dub Conversions app and toggle it to activate.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/shopify/shopify-enable-tracking-script.png" alt="Enable the Dub Analytics script in your Shopify theme" />
</Frame>

<Check>
  You can **verify the installation** with the following tests:

  1. Open the browser console and type in `_dubAnalytics` – if the script is installed correctly, you should see the `_dubAnalytics` object in the console.
  2. Add the `?dub_id=test` query parameter to your website URL and make sure that the `dub_id` cookie is being set in your browser.

  If both of these checks pass, the script is installed correctly. Otherwise, please make sure:

  * The analytics script was added to the `<head>` section of the page
  * If you're using a content delivery network (CDN), make sure to purge any cached content
</Check>

## Installation video

Here's a video showing how to install and activate the `@dub/analytics` script in your Shopify store:

<iframe width="100%" height="469px" className="rounded-xl" src="https://www.loom.com/embed/936970b8db5b41488657fa92ffec384a?sid=04030975-6d7e-4126-8487-a1d9a3095efc" title="Loom video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen />


# Webflow
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/webflow

How to add @dub/analytics to your Webflow site

With `@dub/analytics`, you can track lead and sale conversions on your Webflow site, enabling you to measure the effectiveness of your marketing campaigns.

You can add the `@dub/analytics` script to your Webflow website same way you would add Google Analytics script or any other JavaScript code.

Follow these steps to add the script to your site:

* On your project's page, click on the **Webflow logo** in the left-hand side menu and choose **Project Settings**.
* Choose **[Custom Code](https://university.webflow.com/lesson/custom-code-in-the-head-and-body-tags?topics=site-settings)** from the menu and paste the Dub analytics script in the **Head Code** section.
* Click on the **Save Changes** button and then **Publish** your changes.

```html
<script src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js" defer></script>
```

If you're using [Dub Partners](/partners/quickstart) for affiliate management, you will also need to set up the `data-domains` property to enable [client-side click-tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking).

```html
<script
  src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
  defer
  data-domains='{"refer":"yourcompany.link"}'
></script>
```

Read the [client-side click-tracking guide](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking) for more information.

<Check>
  You can **verify the installation** with the following tests:

  1. Open the browser console and type in `_dubAnalytics` – if the script is installed correctly, you should see the `_dubAnalytics` object in the console.
  2. Add the `?dub_id=test` query parameter to your website URL and make sure that the `dub_id` cookie is being set in your browser.

  If both of these checks pass, the script is installed correctly. Otherwise, please make sure:

  * The analytics script was added to the `<head>` section of the page
  * If you're using a content delivery network (CDN), make sure to purge any cached content
</Check>

## Concepts

You can pass the following props to the `@dub/analytics` script to customize its behavior:

<ParamField body="data-api-host" type="url" default="https://api.dub.co">
  The base URL for the Dub API. This is useful for [setting up reverse
  proxies](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support) to avoid
  adblockers.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-attribution-model" type="first-click | last-click" default="last-click">
  The attribution model to use for the analytics event. The following
  attribution models are available:

  * `first-click`: The first click model
    gives all the credit to the first touchpoint in the customer journey.
  * `last-click`: The last click model gives all the credit to the last
    touchpoint in the customer journey.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-cookie-options" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Custom properties to pass to the cookie. Refer to
  [MDN's Set-Cookie documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie) for
  all available options.

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="domain" type="string">
      Specifies the value for the `Domain` Set-Cookie attribute. This is useful
      for cross-domain tracking. Example: `.example.com`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expires" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the `Date` object to be the value for the `Expires` Set-Cookie
      attribute. Example: `new Date('2024-12-31')`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expiresInDays" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the number (in days) to be the value for the `Expires`
      Set-Cookie attribute.

      For example, to set the cookie window to 60 days (instead of the default 90 days), you can add the following to your script:

      ```html
      <script
        src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
        defer
        data-cookie-options='{"expiresInDays": 60}'
      ></script>
      ```
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="path" type="string" default="/">
      Specifies the value for the `Path` Set-Cookie attribute. By default, the
      path is considered the "default path". Example: `/`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-domains" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Configure the domains that Dub will track. The following properties are available:

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="refer" type="string">
      The Dub custom domain for [referral program client-side click tracking](http://d.to/clicks/refer) (previously `data-short-domain`).
      Example: `refer.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="site" type="string">
      The Dub short domain for tracking site visits.
      Example: `site.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="outbound" type="string | string[]">
      An array of domains for cross-domain tracking. When configured, the existing `dub_id` cookie
      will be automatically appended to all outbound links targeting these domains to enable
      cross-domain tracking across different applications.
      Example: `"dub.sh, git.new"`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-query-param" type="string" default="via">
  The query parameter to listen to for client-side click-tracking (e.g.
  `?via=abc123`).
</ParamField>


# WordPress
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/wordpress

How to add @dub/analytics to your WordPress site

With `@dub/analytics`, you can track lead and sale conversions on your WordPress site, enabling you to measure the effectiveness of your marketing campaigns.

You can add the `@dub/analytics` script to your WordPress website same way you would add Google Analytics script or any other JavaScript code.

Follow these steps to add the script to your site:

* On your WordPress dashboard, navigate to the **Theme Editor** section under the **Appearance** menu.
* Open the **Theme Header (header.php)** file on the right column.
* Paste the Dub analytics script in the header area.
* Click on the **Update File** button to save the changes.

```html
<script src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js" defer></script>
```

If you're using [Dub Partners](/partners/quickstart) for affiliate management, you will also need to set up the `data-domains` property to enable [client-side click-tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking).

```html
<script
  src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
  defer
  data-domains='{"refer":"yourcompany.link"}'
></script>
```

Read the [client-side click-tracking guide](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking) for more information.

<Check>
  You can **verify the installation** with the following tests:

  1. Open the browser console and type in `_dubAnalytics` – if the script is installed correctly, you should see the `_dubAnalytics` object in the console.
  2. Add the `?dub_id=test` query parameter to your website URL and make sure that the `dub_id` cookie is being set in your browser.

  If both of these checks pass, the script is installed correctly. Otherwise, please make sure:

  * The analytics script was added to the `<head>` section of the page
  * If you're using a content delivery network (CDN), make sure to purge any cached content
</Check>

## Concepts

You can pass the following props to the `@dub/analytics` script to customize its behavior:

<ParamField body="data-api-host" type="url" default="https://api.dub.co">
  The base URL for the Dub API. This is useful for [setting up reverse
  proxies](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support) to avoid
  adblockers.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-attribution-model" type="first-click | last-click" default="last-click">
  The attribution model to use for the analytics event. The following
  attribution models are available:

  * `first-click`: The first click model
    gives all the credit to the first touchpoint in the customer journey.
  * `last-click`: The last click model gives all the credit to the last
    touchpoint in the customer journey.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-cookie-options" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Custom properties to pass to the cookie. Refer to
  [MDN's Set-Cookie documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie) for
  all available options.

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="domain" type="string">
      Specifies the value for the `Domain` Set-Cookie attribute. This is useful
      for cross-domain tracking. Example: `.example.com`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expires" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the `Date` object to be the value for the `Expires` Set-Cookie
      attribute. Example: `new Date('2024-12-31')`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expiresInDays" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the number (in days) to be the value for the `Expires`
      Set-Cookie attribute.

      For example, to set the cookie window to 60 days (instead of the default 90 days), you can add the following to your script:

      ```html
      <script
        src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
        defer
        data-cookie-options='{"expiresInDays": 60}'
      ></script>
      ```
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="path" type="string" default="/">
      Specifies the value for the `Path` Set-Cookie attribute. By default, the
      path is considered the "default path". Example: `/`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-domains" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Configure the domains that Dub will track. The following properties are available:

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="refer" type="string">
      The Dub custom domain for [referral program client-side click tracking](http://d.to/clicks/refer) (previously `data-short-domain`).
      Example: `refer.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="site" type="string">
      The Dub short domain for tracking site visits.
      Example: `site.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="outbound" type="string | string[]">
      An array of domains for cross-domain tracking. When configured, the existing `dub_id` cookie
      will be automatically appended to all outbound links targeting these domains to enable
      cross-domain tracking across different applications.
      Example: `"dub.sh, git.new"`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-query-param" type="string" default="via">
  The query parameter to listen to for client-side click-tracking (e.g.
  `?via=abc123`).
</ParamField>


# Introduction
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/introduction

Learn more about the @dub/analytics script and how to install it.

`@dub/analytics` is a lightweight (\~1kb), [open-source](https://github.com/dubinc/analytics) client-side script for [tracking conversion events](https://dub.co/help/article/dub-conversions) with Dub.

The script handles the detection of the `dub_id` query parameter and storing it as a first-party cookie, which will be used to attribute subsequent conversion events to the original link.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/conversion-click-event.png" alt="A diagram showing how click events are tracked in the conversion funnel" />
</Frame>

If you're using Dub Partners, this script also lets you [track clicks on the client-side](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking) using query parameters (e.g. `?via=john`). This gives you the flexibility to track clicks directly on your website or app, without needing to rely on link redirects.

## Installation guides

You can install the `@dub/analytics` script in several different ways:

<CardGroup>
  <Card title="React" icon="react" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/react">
    Add Dub Analytics to your React app
  </Card>

  <Card title="Manual installation" icon="browser" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/manual">
    Add Dub Analytics to your website
  </Card>

  <Card
    title="Framer"
    icon={
    <svg
      width="74"
      height="111"
      viewBox="0 0 74 111"
      fill="none"
      xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
      className="w-7 h-7"
    >
      <path d="M0 0H73.8374V36.9892H36.9187L0 0Z" fill="#eb5611" />
      <path d="M0 36.989H36.9187L73.8374 73.9796H0V36.989Z" fill="#eb5611" />
      <path d="M0 73.9797H36.9187V110.97L0 73.9797Z" fill="#eb5611" />
    </svg>
  }
    href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/framer"
  >
    Add Dub Analytics to your Framer site
  </Card>

  <Card title="Shopify" icon="shopify" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/shopify">
    Add Dub Analytics to your Shopify store
  </Card>

  <Card title="WordPress" icon="wordpress" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/wordpress">
    Add Dub Analytics to your WP site
  </Card>

  <Card title="Webflow" icon="webflow" href="https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/installation-guides/webflow">
    Add Dub Analytics to your Webflow site
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Features

The `@dub/analytics` script comes with the following features:

* [Conversion-tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/conversion-tracking)
* [Client-side click-tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking)
* [Cross-domain tracking](/sdks/client-side/features/cross-domain-tracking)
* [Reverse-proxy support](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support)

## Properties

You can pass the following props to the `@dub/analytics` script to customize its behavior:

<ParamField body="data-api-host" type="url" default="https://api.dub.co">
  The base URL for the Dub API. This is useful for [setting up reverse
  proxies](/sdks/client-side/features/reverse-proxy-support) to avoid
  adblockers.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-attribution-model" type="first-click | last-click" default="last-click">
  The attribution model to use for the analytics event. The following
  attribution models are available:

  * `first-click`: The first click model
    gives all the credit to the first touchpoint in the customer journey.
  * `last-click`: The last click model gives all the credit to the last
    touchpoint in the customer journey.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-cookie-options" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Custom properties to pass to the cookie. Refer to
  [MDN's Set-Cookie documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie) for
  all available options.

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="domain" type="string">
      Specifies the value for the `Domain` Set-Cookie attribute. This is useful
      for cross-domain tracking. Example: `.example.com`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expires" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the `Date` object to be the value for the `Expires` Set-Cookie
      attribute. Example: `new Date('2024-12-31')`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="expiresInDays" type="integer" default="90">
      Specifies the number (in days) to be the value for the `Expires`
      Set-Cookie attribute.

      For example, to set the cookie window to 60 days (instead of the default 90 days), you can add the following to your script:

      ```html
      <script
        src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"
        defer
        data-cookie-options='{"expiresInDays": 60}'
      ></script>
      ```
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="path" type="string" default="/">
      Specifies the value for the `Path` Set-Cookie attribute. By default, the
      path is considered the "default path". Example: `/`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-domains" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Configure the domains that Dub will track. The following properties are available:

  <Expandable title="properties">
    <ParamField body="refer" type="string">
      The Dub custom domain for [referral program client-side click tracking](http://d.to/clicks/refer) (previously `data-short-domain`).
      Example: `refer.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="site" type="string">
      The Dub short domain for tracking site visits.
      Example: `site.dub.co`
    </ParamField>

    <ParamField body="outbound" type="string | string[]">
      An array of domains for cross-domain tracking. When configured, the existing `dub_id` cookie
      will be automatically appended to all outbound links targeting these domains to enable
      cross-domain tracking across different applications.
      Example: `"dub.sh, git.new"`
    </ParamField>
  </Expandable>
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="data-query-param" type="string" default="via">
  The query parameter to listen to for client-side click-tracking (e.g.
  `?via=abc123`).
</ParamField>

## Open-source examples

Here are some open-source code examples that you can referece:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Dub Analytics with Client-side Click Tracking + Reverse Proxy" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/analytics/tree/main/apps/nextjs-reverse-proxy" color="#333333">
    See the full example on GitHub.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Dub Analytics with Geolocation" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/analytics/tree/main/apps/nextjs-geolocation-script" color="#333333">
    See the full example on GitHub.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Script Variants
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/client-side/variants

Learn more about the different variants of the @dub/analytics script.

Inspired by [Plausible](https://plausible.io/), our script is split into multiple variants to help you optimize your script for different use cases.

This allows us to keep the base variant of the script as lightweight as possible (\~1kb) while still allowing you to use the script in more complex use cases.

## Syntax

The base script is available on [`script.js`](https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js), and all variants are available on `script.[variant].js`.

For instance, the `outbound-domains` variant is available on [`script.outbound-domains.js`](https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.outbound-domains.js).

You can also mix and match variants. For example, you can use the `site-visit` and `outbound-domains` variants together with this script: [`script.site-visit.outbound-domains.js`](https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.site-visit.outbound-domains.js).

## List of variants

Here's a list of all the variants available:

* [Base Variant](#base-variant-script-js)
* [Site Visit Variant](#site-visit-variant-script-site-visit-js)
* [Outbound Domains Variant](#outbound-domains-variant-script-outbound-domains-js)
* [Combined Variant](#combined-variant)

### Base Variant (`script.js`)

The base variant of the script is the most lightweight variant of the script. It supports the following features:

* Detecting the `dub_id` query parameter and storing it as a first-party cookie.
* Tracking [client-side click events for referral programs](/sdks/client-side/features/client-side-click-tracking).
* Setting [custom cookie window](/sdks/client-side/introduction#custom-cookie-window) and [attribution models](/sdks/client-side/introduction#param-data-attribution-model)

Here's how you can use the base variant:

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript React
  <DubAnalytics />
  ```

  ```html Other
  <script src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.js"></script>
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Site Visit Variant (`script.site-visit.js`)

<Note>`@dub/analytics` site visit feature is still in beta.</Note>

The site visit variant of the script is a variant of the script that supports tracking site visits.

On top of the features supported by the base variant, it also supports tracking the first entry page of a user, which is useful for measuring SEO and Google Ads performance.

Here's how you can use the site visit variant:

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript React
  // the DubAnalytics component automatically detects the `domainsConfig.site` prop
  // and applies the site-visit script variant for you
  <DubAnalytics domainsConfig={{ site: "site.dub.co" }} />
  ```

  ```html Other
  <script
    src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.site-visit.js"
    data-domains="{'site': 'site.dub.co'}"
  ></script>
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Outbound Domains Variant (`script.outbound-domains.js`)

The outbound domains variant of the script is a variant of the script that supports [cross-domain tracking](/sdks/client-side/introduction#cross-domain-tracking) across different applications.

On top of the features supported by the base variant, it also supports appending the `dub_id` cookie to all outbound links targeting the domains you configure.

Here's how you can use the outbound domains variant:

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript React
  // the DubAnalytics component automatically detects the `domainsConfig.outbound` prop
  // and applies the outbound-domains script variant for you
  <DubAnalytics domainsConfig={{ outbound: ["example.com", "example.sh"] }} />
  ```

  ```html Other
  <script
    src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.outbound-domains.js"
    data-domains="{'outbound': ['example.com', 'example.sh']}"
  ></script>
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Combined Variant

You can also mix and match variants. For example, you can use the `site-visit` and `outbound-domains` variants together with this script: [`script.site-visit.outbound-domains.js`](https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.site-visit.outbound-domains.js).

Here's how you can use the combined variant:

<CodeGroup>
  ```typescript React
  // the DubAnalytics component automatically detects the `domainsConfig` prop
  // and applies the combined script variant for you
  <DubAnalytics
    domainsConfig={{
      site: "site.dub.co",
      outbound: ["example.com", "example.sh"],
    }}
  />
  ```

  ```html Other
  <script
    src="https://www.dubcdn.com/analytics/script.site-visit.outbound-domains.js"
    data-domains="{'site': 'site.dub.co', 'outbound': ['example.com', 'example.sh']}"
  ></script>
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## `DubAnalytics` React Component

If you're using a React application, we recommend using the `DubAnalytics` component to automatically apply the correct script variant for you.

For example, if you want to use the `outbound-domains` variant, you can do the following:

```typescript React
<DubAnalytics domainsConfig={{ outbound: ["example.com", "example.sh"] }} />
```

The `DubAnalytics` component will automatically detect the `domainsConfig` prop and apply the correct script variant for you.


# Analytics Embed
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/embed/analytics

Learn how to embed the Dub Analytics dashboard in your application.

<Note>
  This feature is coming soon. If you'd like early access, please [contact
  us](https://dub.co/contact/support).
</Note>


# Referrals Embed
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/embed/referrals

Learn how to install the Dub Referrals Embed in your application.

With [Dub Partners](/partners/quickstart), you can build a white-labeled referral dashboard that lives directly inside your app in just a few lines of code.

This way, your users can automatically enroll in your partner program **without needing to leave your app and sign up on a third-party platform**.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://assets.dub.co/help/dub-referrals-demo.png" alt="A screenshot of the Dub Referrals Embed" />
</Frame>

In this guide, we'll walk you through the steps to get started with the Dub Referrals Embed.

## Step 1: Generate embed token

First, you need to create a server API route that generates a public token, which will be used by the Dub Referrals Embed to fetch real-time conversions and earnings data from the client-side.

<Frame>
  <img className="rounded-lg border border-gray-100" src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/embed-token-diagram.png" alt="A diagram of the embed token flow" />
</Frame>

### Using server-side SDKs

If you're using our [server-side SDKs](/sdks/overview), you can generate an embed token using the `dub.embedTokens.referrals` method.

<CodeGroup>
  ```ts TypeScript
  const { publicToken } = await dub.embedTokens.referrals({
    tenantId: user.id, // the user's ID within your application
    partner: {
      name: user.name, // the user's name
      email: user.email, // the user's email
      image: user.image, // the user's image/avatar
      tenantId: user.id, // the user's ID within your application
    },
  });
  ```

  ```python Python
  from dub import Dub

  with Dub(
      token="DUB_API_KEY",
  ) as d_client:
      res = d_client.embed_tokens.referrals(request={
          "tenant_id": user.id,  # the user's ID within your application
          "partner": {
              "name": user.name,  # the user's name
              "email": user.email,  # the user's email
              "image": user.image,  # the user's image/avatar
              "tenant_id": user.id,  # the user's ID within your application
          },
      })

      # Handle response
      print(res.public_token)
  ```

  ```go Go
  package main

  import(
      "context"
      dubgo "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
      "github.com/dubinc/dub-go/models/operations"
      "log"
  )

  func main() {
      ctx := context.Background()

      s := dubgo.New(
          dubgo.WithSecurity("DUB_API_KEY"),
      )

      res, err := s.EmbedTokens.Referrals(ctx, &operations.CreateReferralsEmbedTokenRequestBody{
          TenantID: user.ID, // the user's ID within your application
          Partner: &operations.Partner{
              Name: user.Name, // the user's name
              Email: user.Email, // the user's email
              Image: user.Image, // the user's image/avatar
              TenantID: user.ID, // the user's ID within your application
          },
      })
      if err != nil {
          log.Fatal(err)
      }
      if res != nil {
          // Handle response
          log.Printf("Public token: %s", res.PublicToken)
      }
  }
  ```

  ```php PHP
  declare(strict_types=1);

  require 'vendor/autoload.php';

  use Dub;
  use Dub\Models\Operations;

  $sdk = Dub\Dub::builder()
      ->setSecurity('DUB_API_KEY')
      ->build();

  $request = new Operations\CreateReferralsEmbedTokenRequestBody(
      tenantId: $user->id, // the user's ID within your application
      partner: new Operations\Partner(
          name: $user->name, // the user's name
          email: $user->email, // the user's email
          image: $user->image, // the user's image/avatar
          tenantId: $user->id, // the user's ID within your application
      ),
  );

  $response = $sdk->embedTokens->referrals(
      request: $request
  );

  if ($response->object !== null) {
      // Handle response
      echo $response->object->publicToken;
  }
  ```

  ```ruby Ruby
  require 'dub'

  s = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new(
      security: ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
          token: "DUB_API_KEY",
      ),
  )

  req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateReferralsEmbedTokenRequestBody.new(
      tenant_id: user.id, # the user's ID within your application
      partner: ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::Partner.new(
          name: user.name, # the user's name
          email: user.email, # the user's email
          image: user.image, # the user's image/avatar
          tenant_id: user.id, # the user's ID within your application
      ),
  )

  res = s.embed_tokens.referrals(req)

  if !res.object.nil?
      # Handle response
      puts res.object.public_token
  end
  ```
</CodeGroup>

### Using REST API

If you're not using our server-side SDKs, you can generate an embed token using our REST API instead (via the [`POST /tokens/embed/referrals`](/api-reference/endpoint/create-referrals-embed-token) endpoint).

```js JavaScript
const response = await fetch("https://api.dub.co/tokens/embed/referrals", {
  method: "POST",
  body: JSON.stringify({
    tenantId: user.id, // the user's ID within your application
    partner: {
      name: user.name, // the user's name
      email: user.email, // the user's email
      image: user.image, // the user's image/avatar
      tenantId: user.id, // the user's ID within your application
    },
  }),
});

const data = await response.json();

const { publicToken } = data;
```

Refer to the [full API reference](/api-reference/endpoint/create-referrals-embed-token) to learn more about the properties you can pass to the `POST /tokens/embed/referrals` endpoint.

## Step 2: Install the embed

Then, with the `publicToken` from Step 1, you can install and initialize the Dub Referrals Embed. There are two ways to do this:

### React component

First, install the [NPM package](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@dub/embed-react):

<CodeGroup>
  ```bash npm
  npm install @dub/embed-react
  ```

  ```bash yarn
  yarn add @dub/embed-react
  ```

  ```bash pnpm
  pnpm add @dub/embed-react
  ```

  ```bash bun
  bun add @dub/embed-react
  ```
</CodeGroup>

Then use the component in your React application:

```tsx
import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
import { DubEmbed } from "@dub/embed-react";

export default function App() {
  const [publicToken, setPublicToken] = useState("");

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchPublicToken = async () => {
      // fetching from the server API route you created in Step 1
      const response = await fetch("/api/embed-token");
      const data = await response.json();
      setPublicToken(data.publicToken);
    };

    fetchPublicToken();
  }, []);

  if (!publicToken) {
    return <div>Loading...</div>;
  }

  return <DubEmbed data="referrals" token={publicToken} />;
}
```

### Iframe embed

Alternatively, if you're not using React (or you're not on React `v18.2.0` or higher), you can add the iframe directly to your HTML:

```tsx
import { useState, useEffect } from "react";

export default function App() {
  const [publicToken, setPublicToken] = useState("");

  useEffect(() => {
    const fetchPublicToken = async () => {
      // fetching from the server API route you created in Step 1
      const response = await fetch("/api/embed-token");
      const data = await response.json();
      setPublicToken(data.publicToken);
    };

    fetchPublicToken();
  }, []);

  if (!publicToken) {
    return <div>Loading...</div>;
  }

  return (
    <iframe
      src={`https://app.dub.co/embed/referrals?token=${publicToken}`}
      allow="clipboard-write"
      class="h-screen w-full"
    />
  );
}
```

## Embed options

The Dub Referrals Embed supports the following options for styling and behavior:

<ParamField body="data" type="referrals | analytics" required>
  The type of embed to use. In this case, we're using the `referrals` type.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="theme" type="light | dark | system" default="light">
  The theme of the embed.
</ParamField>

<ParamField body="themeOptions" type="JSON-stringified object">
  Available options:

  * `backgroundColor`: The background color of the embed.
</ParamField>

Depending on the embed type, you can use the following examples to initialize the embed options:

<CodeGroup>
  ```tsx React component
  import { DubEmbed } from "@dub/embed-react";

  const publicToken = "...";

  <DubEmbed
    data="referrals"
    token={publicToken}
    theme="light"
    themeOptions={{
      backgroundColor: "#F5F5F5",
    }}
  />;
  ```

  ```tsx iFrame embed
  const publicToken = "...";

  const iframeUrl = "https://app.dub.co/embed/referrals";

  const iframeParams = new URLSearchParams({
    token: publicToken,
    theme: "light",
    themeOptions: JSON.stringify({ backgroundColor: "#F5F5F5" }),
  });

  <iframe
    src={`${iframeUrl}?${iframeParams.toString()}`}
    allow="clipboard-write"
    class="h-screen w-full"
  />;
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Example Apps

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Dub Referrals Embed Demo App" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/embed/referrals" color="#333333">
    See the full example on GitHub.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Go SDK
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/go

Learn how to integrate Dub with Go.

## Installation

```bash
go get github.com/dubinc/dub-go
```

## Basic Usage

Here's how you can use the Dub Go SDK to create a link and retrieve click analytics in timeseries format for it:

```go
package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"os"

	dub "github.com/dubinc/dub-go"
)

func main() {
	// Initialize the Dub SDK with your API key
	d := dub.New(
		dub.WithSecurity(os.Getenv("DUB_API_KEY")), // optional, defaults to DUB_API_KEY
	)

	// Create a new link
	request := &operations.CreateLinkRequestBody{
		URL: "https://google.com",
	}

	ctx := context.Background()
	res, err := d.Links.Create(ctx, request)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	if res.LinkSchema != nil {
		fmt.Println(res.LinkSchema.ShortLink) // e.g. https://dub.sh/abc123
	}

	// Get analytics for the link
	analyticsRequest := operations.RetrieveAnalyticsRequest{
		LinkId:   res.LinkSchema.ID,
		GroupBy:  "timeseries",
		Interval: "30d",
	}

	analyticsRes, err := d.Analytics.Retrieve(ctx, analyticsRequest)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	if analyticsRes.OneOf != nil {
		fmt.Println(analyticsRes.OneOf) // e.g. [{ start: "2024-01-01", clicks: 100 }]
	}
}
```

For more usage examples:

1. [Organizing links by external ID, tenant ID, tags, etc](/concepts/links/organization)
2. [Bulk link operations (create, update, delete)](/concepts/links/bulk-operations)
3. [Retrieving link analytics](/concepts/analytics)

You can also check out the [Go SDK quickstart](/sdks/quickstart/go) for a basic example.

## Additional Resources

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Go Package" icon="golang" href="https://d.to/go/sdk">
    Download and install the Dub Go SDK on GitHub
  </Card>

  <Card title="SDK Reference" icon="book" iconType="solid" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-go/blob/main/README.md">
    View the complete SDK reference documentation
  </Card>

  <Card title="Examples" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/go">
    Quickstart examples with the Go SDK
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Overview
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/overview

Open-source client libraries for the Dub API

## Server-side SDKs

Dub offers server-side SDKs for many popular programming languages:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="TypeScript" icon="npm" href="/sdks/typescript">
    TypeScript library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Go" icon="golang" href="/sdks/go">
    Go library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Python" icon="python" href="/sdks/python">
    Python library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="Ruby" icon="gem" href="/sdks/ruby">
    Ruby library for the Dub API
  </Card>

  <Card title="PHP" icon="php" href="/sdks/php">
    PHP library for the Dub API
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Client-side SDKs

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="@dub/analytics" icon="js" href="/sdks/client-side/introduction">
    Dub analytics SDK
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Embedded Dashboards

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Referrals Embed" icon="window" href="/sdks/embed/referrals">
    Embed the Dub Referrals dashboard in your application
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## CLI

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Dub CLI" icon="terminal" href="/sdks/cli">
    Shorten and manage your links directly from your terminal
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# PHP SDK
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/php

Learn how to integrate Dub with PHP.

## Installation

```bash
composer require dub/dub-php
```

## Basic Usage

Here's how you can use the Dub PHP SDK to create a link and retrieve click analytics in timeseries format for it:

```php
<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use Dub\Dub;
use Dub\Models\Operations;

// Initialize the Dub SDK with your API key
$dub = Dub::builder()
    ->setSecurity(getenv('DUB_API_KEY')) // optional, defaults to DUB_API_KEY
    ->build();

// Create a new link
$request = new Operations\CreateLinkRequestBody(
    url: 'https://google.com',
);

try {
    $response = $dub->links->create($request);

    if ($response->linkSchema !== null) {
        echo $response->linkSchema->shortLink; // e.g. https://dub.sh/abc123
    }

    // Get analytics for the link
    $analyticsRequest = new Operations\RetrieveAnalyticsRequest();
    $analyticsRequest->linkId = $response->linkSchema->id;
    $analyticsRequest->interval = Operations\Interval::ThirtyD;
    $analyticsRequest->groupBy = Operations\GroupBy::Timeseries;

    $analyticsResponse = $dub->analytics->retrieve($analyticsRequest);

    if ($analyticsResponse->oneOf !== null) {
        print_r($analyticsResponse->oneOf); // e.g. [{ start: "2024-01-01", clicks: 100 }]
    }
} catch (Throwable $e) {
    // handle exception
}
```

For more usage examples:

1. [Organizing links by external ID, tenant ID, tags, etc](/concepts/links/organization)
2. [Bulk link operations (create, update, delete)](/concepts/links/bulk-operations)
3. [Retrieving link analytics](/concepts/analytics)

## Frameworks

You can use the Dub PHP SDK with any PHP framework:

1. [Usage with Laravel](/sdks/quickstart/laravel)

If you're using a different PHP framework, you can refer to the [PHP SDK quickstart](/sdks/quickstart/php) for a basic example.

## Additional Resources

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Packagist" icon="php" href="https://d.to/php/sdk">
    Download and install the Dub PHP SDK on Packagist
  </Card>

  <Card title="SDK Reference" icon="book" iconType="solid" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-php/blob/main/README.md">
    View the complete SDK reference documentation
  </Card>

  <Card title="Examples" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/php">
    Quickstart examples with the PHP SDK
  </Card>

  <Card title="Source Code" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-php">
    View the complete source code for the Dub PHP SDK
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Python SDK
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/python

Learn how to integrate Dub with Python.

## Installation

```bash
pip install dub
```

## Basic Usage

Here's how you can use the Dub Python SDK to create a link and retrieve click analytics in timeseries format for it:

```python
import os
import dub
from dub.models import operations

# Initialize the Dub SDK with your API key
d = dub.Dub(
    token=os.environ['DUB_API_KEY'], # optional, defaults to DUB_API_KEY
)

# Create a new link
res = d.links.create(request={
    "url": "https://google.com",
})

print(res.short_link) # e.g. https://dub.sh/abc123

# Get analytics for the link
analytics = d.analytics.retrieve(request={
    "link_id": res.id,
    "interval": "30d",
    "group_by": "timeseries",
})

print(analytics) # e.g. [{ "start": "2024-01-01", "clicks": 100 }]
```

For more usage examples:

1. [Organizing links by external ID, tenant ID, tags, etc](/concepts/links/organization)
2. [Bulk link operations (create, update, delete)](/concepts/links/bulk-operations)
3. [Retrieving link analytics](/concepts/analytics)

## Frameworks

You can use the Dub Python SDK with any Python framework:

1. [Usage with Flask](/sdks/quickstart/flask)
2. [Usage with Django](/sdks/quickstart/django)

If you're using a different Python framework, you can refer to the [Python SDK quickstart](/sdks/quickstart/python) for a basic example.

## Additional Resources

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="PyPI Package" icon="python" href="https://d.to/python/sdk">
    Download and install the Dub Python SDK on PyPI
  </Card>

  <Card title="SDK Reference" icon="book" iconType="solid" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-python/blob/main/README.md">
    View the complete SDK reference documentation
  </Card>

  <Card title="Examples" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/python">
    Quickstart examples with the Python SDK
  </Card>

  <Card title="Source Code" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-python">
    View the complete source code for the Dub Python SDK
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Ruby SDK
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/ruby

Learn how to integrate Dub with Ruby.

## Installation

```bash
gem install dub
```

## Basic Usage

Here's how you can use the Dub Ruby SDK to create a link and retrieve click analytics in timeseries format for it:

```ruby
require 'dub'

# Initialize the Dub SDK with your API key
dub = ::OpenApiSDK::Dub.new
dub.config_security(
  ::OpenApiSDK::Shared::Security.new(
    token: ENV['DUB_API_KEY'], # optional, defaults to DUB_API_KEY
  )
)

# Create a new link
req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateLinkRequest.new(
  request_body: ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::CreateLinkRequestBody.new(
    url: "https://google.com"
  )
)

res = dub.links.create(req)
puts res.raw_response.body # e.g. { "shortLink": "https://dub.sh/abc123" }

# Get analytics for the link
analytics_req = ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::RetrieveAnalyticsRequest.new(
  link_id: res.raw_response.body["id"],
  interval: ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::Interval::THIRTYD,
  group_by: ::OpenApiSDK::Operations::GroupBy::TIMESERIES
)

analytics_res = dub.analytics.retrieve(analytics_req)
puts analytics_res.raw_response.body # e.g. [{ "start": "2024-01-01", "clicks": 100 }]
```

For more usage examples:

1. [Organizing links by external ID, tenant ID, tags, etc](/concepts/links/organization)
2. [Bulk link operations (create, update, delete)](/concepts/links/bulk-operations)
3. [Retrieving link analytics](/concepts/analytics)

## Frameworks

You can use the Dub Ruby SDK with any Ruby framework:

1. [Usage with Rails](/sdks/quickstart/rails)
2. [Usage with Sinatra](/sdks/quickstart/sinatra)

If you're using a different Ruby framework, you can refer to the [Ruby SDK quickstart](/sdks/quickstart/ruby) for a basic example.

## Additional Resources

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="RubyGems Package" icon="gem" href="https://d.to/ruby/sdk">
    Download and install the Dub Ruby SDK on RubyGems
  </Card>

  <Card title="SDK Reference" icon="book" iconType="solid" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-ruby/blob/main/README.md">
    View the complete SDK reference documentation
  </Card>

  <Card title="Examples" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/ruby">
    Quickstart examples with the Ruby SDK
  </Card>

  <Card title="Source Code" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-ruby">
    View the complete source code for the Dub Ruby SDK
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# TypeScript SDK
Source: https://dub.co/docs/sdks/typescript

Learn how to integrate Dub with TypeScript.

## Installation

<CodeGroup>
  ```bash npm
  npm install dub
  ```

  ```bash pnpm
  pnpm add dub
  ```

  ```bash yarn
  yarn add dub zod # zod is a peer dependency
  ```
</CodeGroup>

## Basic Usage

Here's how you can use the Dub TypeScript SDK to create a link and retrieve click analytics in timeseries format for it:

```typescript
import { Dub } from "dub";

// Initialize the Dub SDK with your API key
const dub = new Dub({
  token: process.env.DUB_API_KEY, // optional, defaults to DUB_API_KEY
});

// Create a new link
const link = await dub.links.create({
  url: "https://google.com",
});

console.log(link.shortLink); // e.g. https://dub.sh/abc123

// Get analytics for the link
const analytics = await dub.analytics.retrieve({
  link_id: link.id,
  groupBy: "timeseries",
  interval: "30d",
});

console.log(analytics); // e.g. [{ start: "2024-01-01", clicks: 100 }]
```

For more usage examples:

1. [Organizing links by external ID, tenant ID, tags, etc](/concepts/links/organization)
2. [Bulk link operations (create, update, delete)](/concepts/links/bulk-operations)
3. [Retrieving link analytics](/concepts/analytics)

## Frameworks

You can use the Dub TypeScript SDK with any JavaScript framework:

1. [Usage with Next.js](/sdks/quickstart/nextjs)
2. [Usage with Remix](/sdks/quickstart/remix)
3. [Usage with Nuxt](/sdks/quickstart/nuxt)
4. [Usage with Express](/sdks/quickstart/express)

If you're using a different JavaScript framework, you can refer to the [TypeScript SDK quickstart](/sdks/quickstart/typescript) for a basic example.

## Additional Resources

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="NPM Package" icon="npm" href="https://d.to/ts/sdk">
    Download and install the Dub TypeScript SDK on NPM
  </Card>

  <Card title="SDK Reference" icon="book" iconType="solid" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-ts/blob/main/README.md">
    View the complete SDK reference documentation
  </Card>

  <Card title="Examples" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/examples/tree/main/typescript">
    Quickstart examples with the TypeScript SDK
  </Card>

  <Card title="Source Code" icon="github" href="https://github.com/dubinc/dub-ts">
    View the complete source code for the Dub TypeScript SDK
  </Card>
</CardGroup>


# Self-hosting Dub
Source: https://dub.co/docs/self-hosting

An end-to-end guide on how to self-host Dub – the open-source link attribution platform.

<Frame>
  <img src="https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/logo-background-gradient.png" alt="Dub Logo on a gradient background" width="1200" height="630" />
</Frame>

You can self-host Dub on your own servers and cloud infrastructure for greater control over your data and design. This guide will walk you through the entire process of setting up Dub on your own servers.

## Prerequisites

Before you begin, make sure you have the following:

* A [GitHub](https://github.com/) account
* A [Tinybird](https://www.tinybird.co/) account
* An [Upstash](https://upstash.com/) account
* A [PlanetScale](https://planetscale.com/) account
* A [Vercel](https://vercel.com/) account
* Either a [Cloudflare](https://www.cloudflare.com/) or [AWS](https://aws.com) account

You'll also need a custom domain that you will be using for your Dub instance, with an optional custom short domain for your links.

In this guide, we'll use `acme.com` as a placeholder for your custom domain, and `ac.me` as a placeholder for your custom short domain.

## Step 1: Local setup

First, you'll need to clone the Dub repo and install the dependencies.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Clone the repo">
    First, clone the [Dub repo](https://d.to/github) into a public GitHub repository. If you are planning to distribute the code or allow users to interact with the code remotely (e.g., as part of a hosted application), make sure to provide source access (including modifications) as required by the [AGPLv3 license](https://d.to/license).

    ```bash Terminal
    git clone https://github.com/dubinc/dub.git
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Install dependencies">
    Run the following command to install the dependencies:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm i
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Remove unnecessary files">
    Delete the `apps/web/vercel.json` file since cron jobs are not required for the self-hosted version:

    ```bash Terminal
    rm apps/web/vercel.json
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up environment variables">
    Convert the `.env.example` file to `.env`. You can start filling in the first few environment variables:

    ```bash Terminal
    # The domain that your app will be hosted on
    NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_DOMAIN=acme.com
    # The short domain that your app will be using (could be the same as the above)
    NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_SHORT_DOMAIN=ac.me
    # The ID of the Vercel team that your app will be deployed to: https://vercel.com/docs/accounts/create-a-team#find-your-team-id
    TEAM_ID_VERCEL=
    # The unique access token for your Vercel account: https://vercel.com/guides/how-do-i-use-a-vercel-api-access-token
    AUTH_BEARER_TOKEN=
    ```

    You will fill in the remaining environment variables in the following steps.
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 2: Set up Tinybird Clickhouse database

Next, you'll need to set up the [Tinybird](https://tinybird.co) Clickhouse database. This will be used to store time-series click events data.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create Tinybird Workspace">
    In your [Tinybird](https://tinybird.co/) account, create a new Workspace.

    Copy your `admin` [Auth Token](https://www.tinybird.co/docs/concepts/auth-tokens.html). Paste this token as the `TINYBIRD_API_KEY` environment variable in your `.env` file.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Install Tinybird CLI and authenticate">
    In your newly-cloned Dub repo, navigate to the `packages/tinybird` directory.

    Install the Tinybird CLI with `pip install tinybird-cli` (requires Python >= 3.8).

    Run `tb auth` and paste your `admin` Auth Token.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Publish Tinybird datasource and endpoints">
    Run `tb push` to publish the datasource and endpoints in the `packages/tinybird` directory. You should see the following output (truncated for brevity):

    ```bash Terminal
    $ tb push

    ** Processing ./datasources/click_events.datasource
    ** Processing ./endpoints/clicks.pipe
    ...
    ** Building dependencies
    ** Running 'click_events'
    ** 'click_events' created
    ** Running 'device'
    ** => Test endpoint at https://api.us-east.tinybird.co/v0/pipes/device.json
    ** Token device_endpoint_read_8888 not found, creating one
    ** => Test endpoint with:
    ** $ curl https://api.us-east.tinybird.co/v0/pipes/device.json?token=p.ey...NWeaoTLM
    ** 'device' created
    ...
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up Tinybird API base URL">
    You will then need to update your [Tinybird API base URL](https://www.tinybird.co/docs/api-reference/api-reference.html#regions-and-endpoints) to match the region of your database.

    From the previous step, take note of the **Test endpoint** URL. It should look something like this:

    ```bash Terminal
    Test endpoint at https://api.us-east.tinybird.co/v0/pipes/device.json
    ```

    Copy the base URL and paste it as the `TINYBIRD_API_URL` environment variable in your `.env` file.

    ```bash Terminal
    TINYBIRD_API_URL=https://api.us-east.tinybird.co
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 3: Set up Upstash Redis database

Next, you'll need to set up the [Upstash](https://upstash.com) Redis database. This will be used to cache link metadata and serve link redirects.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create Upstash database">
    In your [Upstash account](https://console.upstash.com/), create a new database.

    For better performance & read times, we recommend setting up a global database with several read regions.

    <Frame>![Upstash Redis database](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/upstash-create-db.png)</Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up Upstash environment variables">
    Once your database is created, copy the `UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL` and `UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN` from the **REST API** section into your `.env` file.

    <Frame>![Upstash Redis tokens](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/upstash-redis-tokens.png)</Frame>

    Navigate to the [QStash tab](https://console.upstash.com/qstash) and copy the `QSTASH_TOKEN`, `QSTASH_CURRENT_SIGNING_KEY`, and `QSTASH_NEXT_SIGNING_KEY` from the **Request Builder** section into your `.env` file.

    <Frame>
      ![Upstash QStash tokens](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/upstash-qstash-tokens.png)
    </Frame>
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 4: Set up PlanetScale MySQL database

Next, you'll need to set up a [PlanetScale](https://planetscale.com/)-compatible MySQL database. This will be used to store user data and link metadata.

{/* prettier-ignore */}

<Note>
  PlanetScale recently [removed their free
  tier](https://planetscale.com/blog/planetscale-forever), so you'll need to pay
  for this option. A cheaper alternative is to use a [MySQL database on
  Railway](https://railway.app/template/mysql) (\$5/month).

  For [local development](local-development), we recommend using a [local MySQL database
  with PlanetScale simulator](local-development#option-1-local-mysql-database-with-planetscale-simulator-recommended) (100% free).
</Note>

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create PlanetScale database">
    In your [PlanetScale account](https://app.planetscale.com/), create a new database.

    Once your database is created, you'll be prompted to select your language or Framework. Select **Prisma**.

    <Frame>
      ![PlanetScale choose framework](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/planetscale-choose-framework.png)
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up PlanetScale environment variables">
    Then, you'll have to create a new password for your database. Once the password is created, scroll down to the **Add credentials to .env** section and copy the `DATABASE_URL` into your `.env` file.

    <Frame>
      ![PlanetScale add credentials](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/planetscale-add-credentials.png)
    </Frame>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Generate Prisma client and create database tables">
    In your Dub codebase, navigate to `apps/web/prisma/schema.prisma` and replace all the columns in the `DefaultDomains` model to the normalized version of your custom short domain (removing the `.` character).

    For example, if your custom short domain is `ac.me`, your `DefaultDomains` model should look like this:

    ```prisma apps/web/prisma/schema.prisma
    model DefaultDomains {
      id          String   @id @default(cuid())
      acme        Boolean  @default(true)
      projectId   String   @unique
      project     Project  @relation(fields: [projectId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
    }
    ```

    In the terminal, navigate to the `apps/web` directory and run the following command to generate the Prisma client:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm run prisma:generate
    ```

    Then, create the database tables with the following command:

    ```bash Terminal
    pnpm run prisma:push
    ```
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 5: Set up GitHub OAuth

Next, [create a new GitHub App](https://github.com/settings/applications/new). This will allow you to sign in to Dub with your GitHub account.

Don't forget to set the following Callback URLs:

* `https://app.acme.com/api/auth/callback/github`
* `http://localhost:8888/api/auth/callback/github` for local development.

<Info>
  Optional: Set the "Email addresses" account permission to **read-only** in
  order to access private email addresses on GitHub.
</Info>

Once your GitHub App is created, copy the `Client ID` and `Client Secret` into your `.env` file as the `GITHUB_CLIENT_ID` and `GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET` environment variables.

## Step 6: Set up Cloudflare R2

Dub stores user-generated assets in either S3 or S3-compatible services like [Cloudflare R2](https://cloudflare.com/r2). These include:

* Project logos
* User avatars
* [Custom Social Media Cards](https://dub.co/help/article/custom-link-previews) images

We recommend using [Cloudflare R2](https://cloudflare.com/r2) for self-hosting Dub, as it's a more cost-effective solution compared to AWS S3. Here's how you can set it up:

<Steps>
  <Step title="Create R2 bucket">
    <Note>You'll need to subscribe to the R2 service if you haven't already.</Note>

    In your [Cloudflare account](https://dash.cloudflare.com/), create a new R2 bucket. We recommend giving your bucket a descriptive name (e.g. `dubassets`) and leaving the remaining settings as is.

    <Frame>![Cloudflare R2 bucket](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/cloudflare-r2-create-bucket.png)</Frame>

    In your bucket settings, copy the **S3 API** value – you'll need it in Step 3.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up access to R2">
    From the R2 main page, click **Manage R2 API Tokens** on the right-hand column.

    <Frame>
      ![Cloudflare manage API tokens](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/cloudflare-r2-manage-api-tokens.png)
    </Frame>

    Then, click **Create API Token**.

    <Frame>
      ![Cloudflare R2 API token](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/cloudflare-r2-create-api-token.png)
    </Frame>

    Make sure to name your API token something relevant to the service that will be using the token.

    Give it "Object Read & Write" permissions, and we recommend only applying ito to a single bucket.

    You can leave the remaining settings (TTL, Client IP Address Filtering) as is, and click **Create API Token**.

    After you create you token, copy the `Access Key ID` and `Secret Access Key` values – you'll need them in the next step.
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up R2 environment variables">
    Once you have your credentials, set them in your `.env` file:

    ```TypeScript .env
    STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY_ID= // this is the Access Key ID value from Step 2
    STORAGE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY= // this is the Secret Access Key value from Step 2
    STORAGE_ENDPOINT= // this is the S3 API value from Step 1
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Set up R2 domain">
    In order for your images to be publically accessible in R2 you need to setup a domain. You can either use your own domain or an R2.dev subdomain.

    To use your own domain, you'll need to create a CNAME record in your DNS settings that points to your R2 bucket.

    In you plan to use an R2.dev subdomain, make sure you "Allow Access".

    Then set the `STORAGE_BASE_URL` in your `.env` file to the domain you chose.

    ```bash
    STORAGE_BASE_URL={URL your assets as available at} # https://static.example.com
    ```

    <Frame>![Cloudflare R2 domain](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/cloudflare-r2-public-domain.png)</Frame>
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Step 7: Set up Resend (optional)

<Note>
  Note that if you want to use magic link sign-in, this is a required step.
</Note>

Next, you'll need to set up Resend for transactional emails (e.g. magic link emails):

1. Sign up for Resend and [create your API key here](https://resend.com/api-keys).
2. Copy the API key into your `.env` file as the `RESEND_API_KEY` environment variable.
3. You'll then need to set up and verify your domain by [following this guide here](https://resend.com/docs/dashboard/domains/introduction).

## Step 8: Set up Unsplash (optional)

Dub uses Unsplash's API for the [Custom Social Media Cards](https://dub.co/help/article/custom-link-previews) feature. You'll need to set up an Unsplash application to get an access key.

<Frame>
  ![Custom social media
  cards](https://assets.dub.co/changelog/custom-social-cards.png)
</Frame>

Check out Unsplash's [official documentation](https://unsplash.com/documentation#creating-a-developer-account) to learn how you can set up the `UNSPLASH_ACCESS_KEY` env var.

## Step 9: Deploy to Vercel

Once you've set up all of the above services, you can now deploy your app to Vercel.

<Steps>
  <Step title="Deploy code to GitHub">
    If you haven't already, push up your cloned repository to GitHub by running the following commands:

    ```bash Terminal
    git add .
    git commit -m "Initial commit"
    git push origin main
    ```
  </Step>

  <Step title="Create a new Vercel project">
    In your [Vercel account](https://vercel.com/), create a new project. Then, select your GitHub repository and click **Import**.

    Make sure that your **Framework Preset** is set to **Next.js** and the **Root Directory** is set to `apps/web`.

    <Frame>
      ![Vercel Framework Preset and Root Directory](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/vercel-framework-preset.png)
    </Frame>

    In the **Environment Variables** section, add all of the environment variables from your `.env` file by copying all of them and pasting it into the first input field. A few notes:

    * Remove the `PROJECT_ID_VERCEL` environment variable for now since we will only get the project ID after deploying the project.
    * Replace the `NEXTAUTH_URL` environment variable with the app domain that you will be using (e.g. `https://app.acme.com`).

    Click on **Deploy** to deploy your project.

    <Tip>
      If you get a `No Output Directory called "public" was found after the build
            completed` error, make sure that your [Vercel deployment
      settings](https://vercel.com/docs/deployments/configure-a-build) to make sure that they match the following:

      <Frame>
        ![Vercel Deploy settings](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/vercel-deploy-settings.png)
      </Frame>
    </Tip>
  </Step>

  <Step title="Add required environment variables">
    Once the project deploys, retrieve your [Vercel project ID](https://vercel.com/docs/projects/overview#project-id) and add it as the `PROJECT_ID_VERCEL` environment variable – both in your `.env` file and in your newly created Vercel project's settings (under **Settings > Environment Variables**)

    Add both the `NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_DOMAIN` and `NEXT_PUBLIC_APP_SHORT_DOMAIN` as domains in your Vercel project's settings (under **Settings** > **Domains**). You can follow this guide to learn [how to set up a custom domain on Vercel](https://vercel.com/docs/projects/domains/add-a-domain).
  </Step>

  <Step title="Redeploy your Vercel project">
    Go back to the **Deployments** page and redeploy your project.

    Once the deployment is complete, you should be able to visit your app domain (e.g. `https://app.acme.com`) and see the following login page:

    <Frame>![Whitelabeled Login](https://mintlify.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/dub/images/whitelabeled-login.png)</Frame>
  </Step>
</Steps>

## Caveats

This guide is meant to be a starting point for self-hosting Dub. It currently depends on the following services to work:

* [Tinybird](https://www.tinybird.co/) for the analytics database
* [Upstash](https://upstash.com/) for the Redis database
* [PlanetScale](https://planetscale.com/) for the MySQL database
* [Vercel](https://vercel.com/) for hosting & [Edge Middleware](https://vercel.com/docs/functions/edge-middleware)

In the future, we plan to make it easier to self-host Dub by making these dependencies optional by swapping them out for native databases (e.g. mysql, redis, clickhouse, [GeoLite2](https://github.com/GitSquared/node-geolite2-redist) etc.)

Also, Docker is currently not supported, but we have a few [open](https://github.com/dubinc/dub/issues/25) [issues](https://github.com/dubinc/dub/issues/378) and [PRs](https://github.com/dubinc/dub/pull/391) for it.